창세기 31:12의 차시두트

(2) Ach. (Gen. 31:12) "Nevertheless [Ach], you must keep [tishmoru] My sabbaths," and (v.16) "The Israelite people shall keep [v'shamru] the sabbath." What is this "protection" [reading "sh'm'r" as "protect" rather than as "keep"] that a person must protect Shabbat? Isn't it rather that the person is protected by Shabbat? "Nevertheless" it is written "et hashabbat" -- he is subsidiary to Shabbat. [Reading "et" as "with" (and possibly "tishmoru" written defectively as if "tishameiru"). Thus, "the Israelites shall be protected along with Shabbat"; Shabbat is primary, and we are secondary.] The idea here is to extend the sanctity of Shabbat into all things. And in every thing, there is an aspect of Shabbat even on weekdays, but that aspect is conceal ed and hidden on the six days of Creation, and on Shabbat, it is revealed. And in the time when it is hidden, it needs protection [sh'mirah]. And this is the desire and the longing on the weekdays, that all deeds must be for purposes of Shabbat, to be pleasing [nahat ruah] to HaShem, may He be blessed. As it says in the literature, that for every action, small or great, there is an elevation on Shabbat if it is done properly. And all actions must be for purposes of Shabbat, as mentioned above. And this is the meaning of (v.16) "doing [JPS: observing)] Shabbat" -- that there not be any other doing at all except [the doing of] Shabbat, as mentioned above. And we have explained "Nevertheless [Ach]" [you shall keep] My Shabbatot," as our Sages said regarding "'Ach' the gold" (Num. 31:22): "to remove the tarnish." See there. [This statement is attributed to the Sifrei, but is not in the printed Sifrei text. The statement interprets "Ach" as a limitation -- here, as indicating that the tarnish on the metal implement must be removed before the purification ritual.] Similarly, the Israelites, when they remove the concealment and the tarnish, there remains the sanctity of Shabbat in every place, as mentioned above. "[You shall observe the Shabbat, etc.] to know, etc." (Exod. 31:13), for Shabbat provides knowledge to a person. For clearly the gift of HaShem, may He be blessed, that He gave us Shabbat, included in this is that a person can know and can do Shabbat, as the Sages said (Shab. 10b), "If one makes a gift, etc., he must inform him [beforehand], as it is written (Exod. 31:13), 'that you may know [that I the Lord sanctify you].'" For "knowledge" [y'di'ah] is being connected and cleaving [as in "Adam knew Hava"], for if the connection and cleaving of the Jews with the aspect of Shabbat had not been included in the gift of Shabbat, then there would not have been any gift at all.