신명기 24:12 해설: Rashi, Chizkuni, Ramban & Rashbam

לא תשכב בעבטו THOU SHALT NOT SLEEP IN HIS PLEDGE — This means, thou shalt not go to sleep having his pledge with thee (Sifrei Devarim 277:2; Bava Metzia 111b).

ואם איש עני הוא, “and if the debtor is a poor man;” what follows does not only apply to a poor man, but the Torah used this example as it applies mostly to poor people. The temptation of the creditor to take a pledge from the poor debtor before he will have nothing left to pledge, while he will wait for the rich debtor to repay the loan.

AND IF HE BE A POOR MAN, [THOU SHALT NOT SLEEP WITH HIS PLEDGE]. The term “poor” applies to him who has no alternative pledge similar to the item he gave him [the creditor]. If he had two utensils of the same kind [and both are required as security for the debt], he [the creditor] may take one and give [the other] one back [to the debtor] whether he is poor or rich with many properties [for, since the debtor has but two utensils and he is in need of one of them the creditor must return it to him].