예레미야애가 4:6 해설: Tze'enah Ure'enah & Rashi

“Exceeded” [4:6]. One can understand the great afflictions, since the sins are greater than the sin of Sodom. The Holy One overturned Sodom in a second. Thus, their anguish was not great. However, here the anguish was long lasting. The hand of the enemy did not desecrate, but angels did everything.²⁴Rashi, Lamentations, 4:6.

[My people’s] transgressions surpassed, etc. [The severity of] their punishment⁹Concerning S’dom, Scripture states, “her sin is extremely grave,” in Bereishis 18:20. However, concerning Yehudah, Scripture states, “The iniquity of the house of Yisroel and Yehudah is extremely extremely great,” in Yechezkeil 9:9. proves about them that their transgression is greater than that of Sodom.¹⁰S’dom’s sins were committed before the Torah was given and are considered accidental [חטא]. However, these sins were committed after the Torah had been given and were considered to be premeditated [עון]. (Palgei Mayim)

Which was instantaneously overturned. The distress of Sodom was not prolonged; it was overturned as in one moment.

Untouched by [human] hands. I.e., the hands of the enemy;¹¹Alternatively, ‘who had no prophets’ to lead them back to teshuvah; i.e., S’dom, unlike ‘my people,’ had no prophets to chastise them, therefore Bnei Yisroel’s ‘transgressions surpassed, etc.’ (Targum) but it was overthrown through angels.¹²Referring to S’dom. There are also Aggadic Midrashim, but they do not fit the sequence of the verses.