כָּל־הַנְּחָלִים֙ הֹלְכִ֣ים אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם וְהַיָּ֖ם אֵינֶ֣נּוּ מָלֵ֑א אֶל־מְק֗וֹם שֶׁ֤הַנְּחָלִים֙ הֹֽלְכִ֔ים שָׁ֛ם הֵ֥ם שָׁבִ֖ים לָלָֽכֶת׃
모든 강물은 다 바다로 흐르되 바다를 채우지 못하며 어느 곳으로 흐르든지 그리로 연하여 흐르느니라
Tze'enah Ure'enah
“All streams” [1:7]. Solomon said: why should the person not study Torah, but want to pursue worldly commerce and want to pursue worthless things? The person becomes exhausted and the mouth cannot say everything and the eyes do not become sated with seeing everything. The ears cannot hear everything. Therefore, the person should not pursue worthless things.7Rashi, Ecclesiastes, 1:1.
Rashi
All the rivers flow into the sea, yet the sea is not full. Because they do not remain therein, for the ocean is higher than the entire world, as it is stated, “He summons the waters of the sea and pours them, etc.”30Amos 5:8. Now from where does a person pour? From above downward, and the rivers flow in the tunnels under the mountains from the ocean and flow repeatedly,31They continue this cycle perpetually. and this is [the meaning of], “to the place where the rivers flow, there they continue [to flow].” Also, the wicked man, wherever he came from, so he will go.
Kohelet Rabbah
“All the rivers go to the sea, yet the sea is not full; to the place that the rivers go, they go there again” (Ecclesiastes 1:7).
“All the rivers go to the sea,” and from where does the earth drink?32Which waters are provided to the earth in the form of rain? Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua, Rabbi Eliezer says: It drinks from the water of the ocean, as it is stated: “A mist went up from the earth [and watered the entire face of the ground]” (Genesis 2:6).33Thus, it is water from the earth that turns to vapor and then falls as rain. Rabbi Yehoshua said to him: ‘Isn’t the water of the ocean salty?’ He said to him: ‘They are sweetened in the clouds, as it is written: “Which the skies pour down” (Job 36:28). Where do they become what pours down? It is in the skies.’ Rabbi Yehoshua says: [The earth] drinks from the upper waters, as it is stated: “From the rain of the heavens you drink water” (Deuteronomy 11:11). The clouds ascend from the earth to the heavens and receive [the water] as though from the mouth of a bottle, as it is written: “Which distill rain to His mist” (Job 36:27). They separate them like a sieve and one drop does not touch another, as it is written: “The amassing of water, thick clouds of the skies’ (II Samuel 22:12). Why does it call them skies [sheḥakim]? It is because they crush [shoḥekin] the water.34Separating the water into separate drops. Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: Like an omasum.35The third stomach in the animal that grinds the food. Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman said: Like the intestines of an animal.36That crush the food. It is as Rabbi Yehoshua said: A day of rainfall is great, as it is equivalent to the entire act of Creation.37Rabbi Yehoshua’s opinion that rainwater is from the upper waters in the heavens, which comes to earth, is consistent with his statement that this process is an act equivalent to Creation itself (Midrash HaMevoar). What is the reason? “Who performs great things beyond scrutiny and wonders beyond number” (Job 9:10); with what? “Who gives water on the face of the earth…” (Job 5:10).
“All the rivers go to the sea,” and from where does the earth drink?32Which waters are provided to the earth in the form of rain? Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua, Rabbi Eliezer says: It drinks from the water of the ocean, as it is stated: “A mist went up from the earth [and watered the entire face of the ground]” (Genesis 2:6).33Thus, it is water from the earth that turns to vapor and then falls as rain. Rabbi Yehoshua said to him: ‘Isn’t the water of the ocean salty?’ He said to him: ‘They are sweetened in the clouds, as it is written: “Which the skies pour down” (Job 36:28). Where do they become what pours down? It is in the skies.’ Rabbi Yehoshua says: [The earth] drinks from the upper waters, as it is stated: “From the rain of the heavens you drink water” (Deuteronomy 11:11). The clouds ascend from the earth to the heavens and receive [the water] as though from the mouth of a bottle, as it is written: “Which distill rain to His mist” (Job 36:27). They separate them like a sieve and one drop does not touch another, as it is written: “The amassing of water, thick clouds of the skies’ (II Samuel 22:12). Why does it call them skies [sheḥakim]? It is because they crush [shoḥekin] the water.34Separating the water into separate drops. Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: Like an omasum.35The third stomach in the animal that grinds the food. Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman said: Like the intestines of an animal.36That crush the food. It is as Rabbi Yehoshua said: A day of rainfall is great, as it is equivalent to the entire act of Creation.37Rabbi Yehoshua’s opinion that rainwater is from the upper waters in the heavens, which comes to earth, is consistent with his statement that this process is an act equivalent to Creation itself (Midrash HaMevoar). What is the reason? “Who performs great things beyond scrutiny and wonders beyond number” (Job 9:10); with what? “Who gives water on the face of the earth…” (Job 5:10).