민수기 9:3의 주석

ככל חקותיו ACCORDING TO ALL RITES OF IT [… SHALL YE KEEP IT] — This refers to the laws relating to its body itself (i.e. the animal itself) while alive — that it must be “a lamb, without blemish, a male, one year old” (Exodus 12:5) (Sifrei Bamidbar 65).

ACCORDING TO ALL THE STATUTES OF IT, AND ACCORDING TO ALL THE ORDINANCES THEREOF, SHALL YE BRING IT [i.e., the Passover-offering]. Now it is written in the commentary of Rashi: “According to all the statutes of it — this refers to the laws concerning the animal itself, [that it should be] a lamb without blemish, a male of the first year.⁷²Ibid., Verse 5. And according to all the ordinances thereof — this relates to the laws ‘upon’ the lamb,⁷³Our texts of Rashi add here: “from another place.” Ramban interprets this phrase as an independent thought, as explained further on. such as eating unleavened bread for seven days, and the removal of leavened bread.” But this is a copyist’s error.⁷⁴Ramban’s meaning is as follows: Even if we concede that the duty to eat unleavened bread can be called a law “upon the lamb,” because the Passover-offering must be eaten together with unleavened bread, in what way can the duty of destroying leavened bread be one that is “upon the lamb”? Therefore it must be a copyist’s mistake in Rashi, which thus requires re-interpretation. For the laws which concern the animal itself are as stated above], a lamb without blemish, a male of the first year;⁷²Ibid., Verse 5. the laws “upon” the animal are that it should be roast with fire; its head with its legs and with the inwards thereof;⁷⁵Exodus 12:9. whereas the laws which are “outside” the animal itself are [the duty to eat] unleavened bread [on the first evening of the festival] and the duty of removing leavened bread, concerning which Scripture does not speak here at all. Similarly, it is said of the second Passover that [it should be observed] according to the statute of the Passover, and according to the ordinance thereof,⁷⁶Further, Verse 14. and a person may [then] have both unleavened bread and leavened bread with him in his house,⁷⁷Pesachim 95 a. and it applies for only one day.⁷⁸Hence the duty to eat unleavened bread and to destroy all leavened bread, cannot be included [as implied in our texts of Rashi] in the statutes and ordinances of the second Passover, since we have been taught that on the second Passover one may have both unleavened and leavened bread with one in the house! Furthermore, the second Passover applies only for one day; so how can there be a duty to eat unleavened bread for seven days included in “the ordinances that are upon the animal” [as our texts of Rashi have it]!
Now Scripture spoke briefly, saying, at dusk, ye shall bring it in its appointed season; according to all the statutes of it, and according to all the ordinances thereof, shall ye bring it,⁷⁹In Verse 3 before us. thereby including the laws relating to eating it, that it should not be on the day mentioned by the verse [on which the offering is slaughtered], but it is to be eaten on the following night, since He already explained previously, And they shall eat the flesh in that night etc.⁸⁰Exodus 12:5. Similarly, In the second month on the fourteenth day at dusk they shall bring it; they shall eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs,⁸¹Further, Verse 11. means they shall eat it at the time of eating mentioned in the command concerning the first Passover.

בין הערבים תעשו אותו, “you shall prepare it in the afternoon.” The various procedures connected with offering the Passover are all included in the words תעשו אותו, “prepare it.”