시편 7:5 할라카: Mishneh Torah, Human Dispositions & Kitzur Shulchan Arukh

He who takes vengeance of his fellow violates the prohibitive commandment of, "Thou shalt not take vengeance" (Lev. 19.18.); and, even though he is not flogged for the violation, it is an extremely evil tendency. Forsooth, it becomes man to be indulgent in his ethical conduct in all temporal matters, for, to those who can reason all worldly matters are vanity and absurdity, unworthy to call forth vengeance on their account. How is the sin of taking vengeance established? Said his friend to him: "Lend me your ax". Answered he: "No, I will not lend it to you." On the morrow, he needs to borrow an ax himself. Says he to his friend: "Lend me your ax." Answered his friend: "No, I will not lend it to you, even as you refused to lend it to me when I asked for it." Behold, this one takes vengeance. For when one comes to lend aught of the other, he should give it to him whole-heartedly, and not to deal with him as he was dealt with by him. And so in all like matters. Even so David expressed it in his good ethical ideas: "If I have requited him that did evil unto me, or spoiled mine adversary unto emptiness etc." (Ps. 7.5).⁹Yoma, 23a; Rosh ha-Shanah, 17b; Sifra, Lev. 4. C. G.

Whoever takes revenge on someone, violates a negative commandment, for it is written, "Do not take revenge."²⁶Leviticus 19:18. And what constitutes vengeance? Reuvein says to Shimon, "Lend me your spade!"²⁷The prohibition against vengeance is not limited to the loaning of tangible articles, it also includes requests for monetary loans, favors or charity. (Mishnah Berurah 156:4) [Shimon] replies, "No, I will not lend it to you." The next day [Shimon] has to borrow something and he says [to Reuvein]: "Lend me your spade." [Reuvein] says: "No, I will not lend it to you, just as you did not lend me [yours] when I asked you for it." This constitutes taking revenge, and he [Reuvein] has violated a negative commandment. Rather when [Shimon] comes to borrow something, he should give it to him wholeheartedly and not pay him back for what he did to him. It is becoming for a person to show forebearance in all mundane matters, for in the eyes of understanding people, they are all nothing but vanity and futility, and not worth taking revenge because of them. And thus said King David, peace be upon him,²⁸Psalms 7:5. "If I have repaid my friends with evil,²⁹The meaning of this passage becomes clear when it is read in conjuction with the next verse, “If I have repaid others with evil—then let the enemy pursue my soul.” I who released my unprovoked adversary. (For the prohibition against uttering curses, see Chapter 6: 3).