예레미야애가 1:1의 유대 사상

Midrash Eychah Rabbati 1, relates in the name of Rabbi Levi: "Three people used the term eychah, Moses, Isaiah and Jeremiah." This could be understood by the following parable. A lady of substance had three intimate friends. One of the friends knew her when she was at the height of her beauty and wealth. The second friend knew her while she was committing all manner of excesses, over indulgence etc. The third friend knew her only when she had already fallen into disgrace. Thus, Moses saw Israel at peace, and at a high level spiritually. Yet he proclaimed "How can I alone carry the burden of your quarrels etc." (Deut 1,12) Isaiah, who knew Israel at a time when she committed all kinds of excesses, proclaimed "how has she become a harlot." (Isaiah 1,21) Jeremiah who knew Israel in disgrace proclaimed: "How lonesome and isolated has she become!" (Lamentations 1,1)

And in the Midrash (Eikhah Rabbah 1:1): They asked Ben Azai, saying to him, "Our teacher, expound for us one matter from the scroll of Lamentations." He said to them, "Israel was exiled only after they denied the Unique One of the world, circumcision that was given after twenty generations, the Ten Commandments, and the five books of the Torah. From where [do we know this]? 'Eikhah (the numerical value of which is 36, the sum of these things) does it sit desolate.'" To here [is the Midrash]. The author of this Midrash further clarified the matter. And that is because Israel had a covenant with God, may He be blessed. And when they had the covenant with God, may He be blessed - and that is the link and the connection - they were not exiled. For they had a connection and link with God, may He be blessed. But [they were exiled] when they negated the covenant, by way of denying the One with whom they had a covenant; and that was the Unique One of the world. And they also denied that there was a receiver of the covenant, since circumcision indicates that the Jews accepted the covenant from God, may He be blessed. For circumcision is a covenant that clings to the body of a person, and it is the connection. And that is why the covenant is in their flesh: To say that the Jews accept the covenant from God, may He be blessed. And the Torah and the Ten Commandments are a covenant and a connection when the Jews are following the Torah and the Ten Commandments. For they rest in the "Ark of the Covenant" (Joshua 3:6). As the Torah and the commandments that God, may He be blessed, gave to Israel - that is the covenant itself and the connection, when the Jews are doing His commandments. For any covenant and link is on account of three [entities]. The first [here] is God, may He be blessed, who sealed a covenant with them. [The second] is the recipient of the covenant, which is man. And the thing that is the covenant is the third.