출애굽기 10:19의 유대 사상

The order of the four elements, according to the natural position is here described: namely, first earth, above it water, air close to water, and fire above air; for by placing air over water, ḥoshek (fire), which is “upon the face of the deep,” is undoubtedly above air. It was here necessary to use the term ruaḥ elohim, because air is described here as in motion (meraḥefet), and the motion of the air is, as a rule, ascribed to God; comp. “And there went forth a wind from the Lord” (Num. 11:31); “Thou didst blow with thy wind” (Exod. 15:10); “And the Lord turned a mighty strong west wind” (ibid. 10:19), and the like. As the first ḥoshek, which denotes the element fire, is different from the ḥoshek mentioned further on in the sense of “darkness,” the latter is explained and distinguished from the former, according to our explanation, in the words, “And darkness he called Night.” This is now clear.

It denotes also, “wind.” Comp. “And the east wind (ruaḥ) brought the locusts” (Exod. 10:13); “west wind” (ruaḥ) (ib. 19). In this sense the word occurs frequently.