창세기 1:29 카발라: Pardes Rimmonim & Sha'arei Orah

See, from all this it is seen that there is no necessity from this saying for the opinion of Rav Shem Tov of blessed memory. Truly now to us is left the duty to explain what is found different from this saying in the Zohar, parasha Wayiqra. As in this saying [of R. Shem Tov) it says that Bereshit is the tenth utterance, and in parasha Wayiqra [Zohar III.11b) Rashbi explains that these are ten utterances besides Bereshit. And this is what it says: ‘Rabbi Shimon said: It is written: “ten, ten the vessel with the holy shekel” [Numbers 7:86]. “ten, ten” why does it come [here]? But [it indicates] ten for the work of Creation, and ten for the giving of the Torah. What does it teach? That the world was not created except for the sake of the Torah, as all the time Israel is involved in the Torah, the world endures. And all the time Israel is abolishing the Torah, what is written? “If [there were] not my covenant with daytime and night, I would not have placed the ordinances of heavens and earth.” [Jeremiah 33:25]. Come and see: Ten utterances of the work of Creation, as we have learned: ‘With ten utterances the world was created.’ [Mishnah, Pirkei Avot 5:1]. Ten utterances of the giving of the Torah, these are the Ten Commandments. [First utterance:] It is written: “I am HaShem your God” [Exodus 20:2], and in the account of Creation it is written: “Let there be light, and there was light.” [Genesis 1:3] This is faith, as the Holy One, blessed be He, is called ‘light’, as it is written “HaShem is my light and my salvation etc.” [Psalms 27:1]. [Second utterance:] It is written: “You shall not have other gods beside me” [Exodus 20:3], and it is written in the account of Creation: “Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters etc.” [Genesis 1:6]. “Let there be a firmament”, these are Israel, as they are a portion of the Holy One, blessed be He, who are united with the place that is called ‘heavens’. And this is a secret, as once Rabbi Yeisa the Old asked Rabbi Ela’e; he said: Oh, all the rest of the peoples, the Holy One, blessed be He, gave them to dignitaries, princes, rulers [to guide them], [but] Israel to what? He [= Rabbi Ela’e] sent to him [the answer]: “and God placed them in the firmament of the heavens” [Genesis 1:17]. And a pleasing [answer] he sent to him. “in the midst of the waters” [Genesis 1:6], between the words of the Torah. “and let it divide water from water” [Genesis 1:6], between the Holy One, blessed be He, who is called “well of living waters” [Song of Songs 4:15] and between idolatry, which is called “broken cisterns that will not hold the waters” [Jeremiah 2:13] which are bitter waters etc., stinking gathered [= stationary]. And therefore Israel, holy ones, are dividing between waters [above, clean] and waters [below, unclean]. [Third utterance:] It is written in the giving of the Torah: “You shall not take the name of HaShem your God in vain” [Exodus 20:7], and it is written in the account of Creation: “Let the waters under the heavens be gathered to one place” [Genesis 1:9]. Come and see, each one who swears by the Holy Name for a lie [is] as if he has separated the Mother [= Binah] from her place above, and the holy crowns are not settled on their places, as it is said: “And a mischief-maker is separating an intimate friend” [Proverbs 16:28], and there is no “intimate friend” except the Holy One, blessed be He. And it is written: “Let the waters under the heavens be gathered to one place” [Genesis 1:9], you should not place a separation because of swearing that is false. “to one place”, as is fitting, to a place of truth, and not to another place of falsehood. And what is falsehood? It is when waters go to another place which is not its own. [Fourth utterance:] It is written in the giving of the Torah: “Remember the day of Shabbat to keep it holy” [Exodus 20:8], and it is written in the account of Creation: “Let the earth sprout grass” [Genesis 1:11]. When is the holy earth [= Malkut] increased and is crowned with her crown? Say: on the day of Shabbat, because then the bride is associated with the King, to bring forth grasses and blessings for the world. [Fifth utterance:] It is written in the giving of the Torah: “Honor your father and your mother” [Exodus 20:12], and it is written in the account of Creation: “Let there be luminaries in the firmament of the heavens” [Genesis 1:14]. What does this point to except that these ‘luminaries’, it is “your father and your mother”? “Your father”, this is the sun, “your mother”, this is the moon. And there is no sun except the Holy One, blessed be He, as it is written: “Because a sun and shield is HaShem God” [Psalms 84:12]. And there is no moon except the assembly of Israel, as it is written: “And your moon will not perish” [Isaiah 60:20]. And therefore, all is one. [Sixth utterance:] It is written in the giving of the Torah: “You shall not murder” [Exodus 20:13], and it is written in the account of the Creation: “Let the waters swarm living soul” [Genesis 1:20]. And you shall not kill a human being who is called thus, as it is written: “And the human being became a living soul” [Genesis 2:7], you will not be as these fishes, of which the big ones swallow the small ones. [Seventh utterance:] It is written in the giving of the Torah: “You shall not commit adultery” [Exodus 20:13], and it is written in the account of Creation: “Let the earth bring forth living soul according to its kind” [Genesis 1:24]. From this we learn that a human being should not do falsely with another woman who is not his mate, and therefore it is written: “Let the earth bring forth living soul according to its kind”, that a woman should not give birth except from her kind. And who is its kind? Her [male] mate. [Eighth utterance:] It is written in the giving of the Torah: “You shall not steal” [Exodus 20:13], and it is written in the account of Creation: “And God said: ‘See, I have given you every plant producing seed’” [Genesis 1:29]. What I have given you and deposited to you will be yours, and you shall not steal what is of another. [Ninth utterance:] It is written in the giving of the Torah: “You shall not testify to your fellow false witness” [Exodus 20:13], and it is written in the account of Creation: “And God said: ‘Let us make a human being in our image” [Genesis 1:26]. To him who is in the image of the King you shall not witness falsely. And he who has witnessed falsely to his neighbor [it is] as if he has witnessed falsely to above. [Tenth utterance:] It is written in the giving of the Torah: “You shall not desire the wife of your fellow” [Exodus 20:14], and it is written in the account of Creation: “It is not good that the human being is alone” [Genesis 2:18]. This is your mate in front of you, and therefore “you shall not desire the wife of your fellow”. And this is: ten utterances of the work of Creation, and ten utterances of the giving of the Torah, which is “ten, ten the vessel with the holy shekel” [Numbers 7:86], they were weighed as one, with one shekel. And because of this the world endures and peace is found in it. End of citation.

And while the passage is in need of a long explanation, as it is explained in the book Ohr Yakar [which is Cordovero’s commentary on the Zohar, which appeared in print only in the 20th century] with help of Heaven, nevertheless, in it the clear meaning [is] that all the [ten] utterances and the creations were by means of six days.
“Let there be light, and there was light” [Genesis 1:3], this is in Chesed etc., it is found that even if it is said that ‘Bereshit’ is [considered] an utterance, [its] subject was not attributed to the first three [days] at all. And therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the obstacles, the problems out of these sayings, and to set up this discourse proportionally.
And before all matters we shall say that it is impossible to deny that the creations of the work of creation [occurred] in six days, as the topic “and it was evening and it was morning” [occurring in the account of creation at the end of each day] one day, second day, etc., is teaching that although there were ten utterances, these nevertheless were comprised in six days [of Creation].
And now we shall know, if it is true that ‘Bereshit’, which is an utterance, is in Chochma or in Keter. How is the saying there correct “And the earth was unformed and void” [Genesis 1:2]. Properly in the eyes of HaShem [it would be] that we should say that [concerning] Malkut [= “the earth”], [whether] being in Chochma or in Keter, the husks [of evil] were surrounding it there, which are “unformed and void and darkness”. This is for sure a big question, as who [would it be that] gave a husk above [at such a high level]? But now this subject is certain: that the Torah first of all informs us on the reality of the emanation in the order of its emanation in general [in its first two verses Genesis 1:1-2]. And this is the explanation of the biblical verse ‘Bereshit/In the beginning…’ [Genesis 1:1] that its explanation is: Hidden Keter together with the Reshit/Beginning, which is Chochma, “created” and emanated ‘Elohim’, which is Bina, “et/את the heavens”, these are Chesed and Tif’eret. And thus is the explanation of the Rashbi of blessed memory, that the word et/את [which is the accusative marker in Hebrew] came to increase Chesed. And “the heavens” is Tif’eret. “and et/ ואתthe earth” this is Gevura in the increase of et/את. “the earth” is Malkut. And Netsach and Hod and Yesod, they are included in Gedola, Gevura, Tiferet [respectively].
And after this it says: “And the earth was unformed and void etc. ” [Genesis 1:2; the second verse is now further detailing ‘the earth’, which is Malkut], which is to make us hear the reality of Malkut and its good [the ‘spirit of God’] and bad [‘unformed’, ‘void’, ‘darkness’] vehicles. And after this it has made us hear the actions of these Sefirot in Malkut. And since the three first ones [Keter, Chochma, Bina] are hidden and do not have revealed action, see, their action and utterance was extended by means of the three Patriarchs, who are the three artisans: Chesed, Gevura, Tif’eret. And therefore: “Let there be light” [Genesis 1:3] is the first utterance [of Creation] and was extended from Keter by means of Gedola[/Chesed] to the palanquin.
[And the second utterance ““Let there be a firmament” [Genesis 1:6] is extended from Chochma by means of Gevura to the palanquin, and therefore etc., the subject [is] in the ‘Juice of Pomegranates’ and in ‘Slice of the Pomegranate’[Two commentaries on the Pardes, usually printed at the end of the text of the Pardes itself]], and therefore we find that the subject of the “firmament separating between the waters” [Genesis 1:6] is at times alluded to with Chochma in the mystery of the upper waters and lower waters, and a ‘firmament in the center’ [Refers to Tif’eret], as we will explain in the Gate of the Values of the Special Names”[Gate XXIII] with help of Heaven.
And the third utterance “Let the waters gather…” [Genesis 1:9] [is extended] from Bina by means of Tif’eret, and this is the generality of the saying of the Tikkunim [Tikkunei HaZohar, Tikkun 42, page 79, which we have seen above],
And then it is said that the fourth utterance, which is [also] on the third day, and this is the utterance “Let the earth sprout…” [Genesis 1:11], [it] is extended from Chesed by means of Tif’eret, the third day [and the third Sefira when started counting from Chesed downwards].
And the [fifth] utterance “Let there be luminaries…” [Genesis 1:14] is extended from Gevura, as is known that מארת [‘luminaries’ is here spelled defective, while it is normally spelled plene (with two ו’s): מאורות ] is Chesed from the side of Gevura, and it is made by means of Netsach, the fourth day [And the fourth Sefira when started counting from Chesed downwards].
And the [sixth] utterance “Let the waters swarm…” [Genesis 1:20] is extended from Tif’eret by means of Netsach in Hod. And this is alluded to in the saying of [Zohar, parasha] Terumah [Zohar II.127], which we have copied above, which said: ‘in the fourth arrangement was stretched out … the radiance of the sun’, which is the reality of Tif’eret. And the reason is that although Tif’eret is comprised of right and left, [yet] it received three utterances: [one each] from Chesed and Gevurah, and one of itself. And because it is leaning towards Chesed, it performed one utterance in Chesed and this is the utterance “And let [the earth] sprout…” [Genesis 1:11], which is the second [utterance] of the third day, and the fourth of the [ten] utterances, which is in Chesed and delivers to Netsach two utterances, which are the fifth one of Gevura and the sixth [utterance] of itself. And Netsach performs the fifth [utterance] of Gevura and delivers to Hod the sixth one of Tif’eret.
And because there is no completion of Din/Judgement except with Rachamim/Compassion, therefore the light of the sun was not illuminating by means of Netsach, and the action of Netsach was not [yet] complete, until the fifth day came, which is Hod, as in it was the sixth utterance made, which is the utterance of Tif’eret. And this is what he said in the saying of [Zohar, parasha Terumah]: ‘In the fifth arrangement it worked its service to bring forth the radiance of the arrangement of the fourth day etc.’.
And Yesod, which is the sixth day, since it is comprising Netsach and Hod it brought out three utterances which correspond to Netsach, Hod, Yesod, and these are: the utterance “Let the earth bring forth…” [Genesis 1:24] corresponding to Netsach, and the utterance “Let us make humankind…” [Genesis 1:26] corresponding to Hod, and the utterance “See, I have given you…” [Genesis 1:29] corresponding to Yesod, because the utterance “Be fertile and multiply…” [Genesis 1:28] [The fourth ויאמר on this sixth day] is not an utterance [of creation] but is only a blessing, because if you do not say [it is so], there would have been ten sayings in reality, and then how say there were nine [as the Gemara states]? But for sure according to this opinion it is not called an [creative] utterance but an utterance [of the world of] Beriah/Formation, and this is an utterance of blessing. And because the subject of fertility and multiplication [is] in Yesod, therefore this blessing was given on the sixth [day] which is Yesod.
And with this the seventh day is sanctified, which is Malkut, and it is comprising and building “a city on its mound” [Jeremiah 30:18]. And after it [= the Creation] was completed, it spoke its [own] utterance, which is: “It is not good that the human being is on his own, I will make for him etc. ” [Genesis 2:18], that by means of the coupling [of male and female] the blessing will be discharged, as is proven in the Zohar in many places.
And now the utterances in their reality, which are the actors, were found to allude to the ten Sefirot, the utterances [of Creation] are only nine, because the utterance “It is not good…” is not [an utterance of] Malkut itself, but activities of Malkut, and this utterance of Malkut is itself the one that is decreed from the mouth of Yesod, as Yesod has emanated Malkut.
And because in the saying of the Talmud of [tractate] Rosh Hashana [Babylonian Talmud, Rosh Hashanah 32a, above treated in Gate II, chapter 3] in which we were engaged, is the intention that the ten kingships are the ten utterances themselves, therefore it asks a difficult question and says that those [utterances] were nine, as the utterance “Let there be light” is Chochma, as is explained in the Zohar on many places, and it goes out from the force of Keter, and its intention is not Chochma itself, but the utterances that are extended to Malkut. What was extended from Keter was the reality of Chochma, and what was extended from Chochma was the reality of Binah, and therefore it poses the difficulty that those were nine, because the utterance that was extended from Malkut, which is “It is not good that the human being is on his own” is not Malkut, but [it is] what was extended from Malkut; therefore the allusion of the utterances in the Sefirot itself is only nine. And to this it [= the Talmud] answers: ‘Bereshit is also an utterance’, because despite of it being [of] the reality of emanation, the subject was with Keter, and it is impossible that Keter is not included there, as we have explained.
And now it will be justified what is found in the Zohar, parasha Bereshit and in the Tikkunim, [that] at times this saying alludes to Keter, at times to Chochma, at times Binah, at times to Malkut, which is also thus called Reshit, at times to Da’at. So that the saying is comprising the reality of emanation completely in its totality as we have explained.
And with this we are for now acquitted of our task on this subject, so that the words of the Rashbi of blessed memory will not be divided bitwise, and there will not be a division, Heaven forbid, with what has been explained in the Gemara on these utterances, so as not to give an opportunity for speakers of falsehood. But may a person “go to his place in peace”[Exodus 18:23] and rest on his couch.

31. “And God-Elohi”m-אלהי״ם said ‘Behold I have given to you.’”⁵⁹Genesis 1:29