בְּנוֹת֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־שָׁא֖וּל בְּכֶ֑ינָה הַמַּלְבִּֽשְׁכֶ֤ם שָׁנִי֙ עִם־עֲדָנִ֔ים הַֽמַּעֲלֶה֙ עֲדִ֣י זָהָ֔ב עַ֖ל לְבוּשְׁכֶֽן׃
이스라엘 딸들아 사울을 슬퍼하여 울지어다 저가 붉은 옷으로 너희에게 화려하게 입혔고 금 노리개를 너희 옷에 채웠도다
Midrash Tanchuma
And he shall yield royal delights (Gen. 40:20). His daughters shall be worthy of kings. Hence, Scripture states: Who clothed you in scarlet with other delights (II Sam. 1:24).
Shemot Rabbah
Rabbi Natan says: Justice is fitting for God, as He upholds it and does not show favor, as it is stated: “For I am the Lord, who performs kindness, justice and righteousness in the land” (Jeremiah 9:23), as we find regarding Abraham, who withstood ten ordeals, but He did not show him favor even for one matter,63This translation is based on the textual emendation of Rabbi David Luria. as He said: “Know, that your descendants will be strangers” (Genesis 15:13).64When God told him that he would inherit the land, he asked: “How do I know that I will inherit it?” (Genesis 15:8). It was due to this question that God decreed that Abraham’s descendants would be slaves (see Nedarim 32a). Nevertheless, he asked God to uphold justice, as it is stated: “Will the Judge of the earth not implement justice?” (Genesis 18:25).
See how King Solomon was caught in a trap, as it is stated: “He traps the wise with their craftiness” (Job 5:13). How many spirits and demons did Solomon conquer, and he instructed justice for everyone, but ultimately, he was trapped in his old age,65He sought to outsmart the Torah and allowed himself to marry many wives, purchase many horses, and amass much silver and gold, in opposition to Torah law. He justified this by asserting that he would not fall prey to the dangers that the Torah wished to prevent by the institution of these laws (see Sanhedrin 21b). and he began fearing the spirits, as it is stated: “Each man, a sword on his thigh, from fear in the nights” (Song of Songs 3:8). Initially, the spirits were terrified of him, and ultimately, he began to fear them. That is why there is no mitzva that the Holy One blessed be He did not caution in its regard,66The Torah hints to the punishment for the violation of each commandment. as it is stated: “If a man sells his daughter as a maidservant” (Exodus 21:7). What caused this to happen to him? It is the transgression that he violated vis-à-vis others.67He mistreated his Hebrew slave, which is the topic of the verses immediately prior to this verse.
“One who strikes a man and he dies” (Exodus 21:12). What caused this to happen to him? The fact that he did not look into the Torah, in which it is written: “One who sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed” (Genesis 9:6). This is analogous to a person who marred the statue of the king and ascended to the platform.68For judgment. The king said to him: ‘Did you not read in my royal edicts that anyone who touches my statue is to be eliminated? Why did you not spare yourself?’ So too, if a person kills a person of Israel, it is as though he removes the image of a king, and he is sentenced and has no life, as man was created in the image of the ministering angels. If he kills unwittingly, God provides him with a place to which he can flee. If he kills intentionally, even if he is the High Priest, he is killed. You have no one greater than Saul, as it is stated: “Daughters of Israel, weep over Saul” (II Samuel 1:24). Who collected from him the blood that was on his hands when he died? It was not Israel who collected it, but rather the Givonites, as it is stated: “Let seven men of his sons be given to us [and we will hang them]” (II Samuel 21:6). The priests forgave him,69They forgave him for the massacre in the priestly city of Nov. but the Givonites did not forgive him. That is why God distanced them, as it is stated: “The Givonites were not of the children of Israel” (II Samuel 21:2). That is what David feared, as it is stated: “Save me from bloodshed, God” (Psalms 51:16).
See how King Solomon was caught in a trap, as it is stated: “He traps the wise with their craftiness” (Job 5:13). How many spirits and demons did Solomon conquer, and he instructed justice for everyone, but ultimately, he was trapped in his old age,65He sought to outsmart the Torah and allowed himself to marry many wives, purchase many horses, and amass much silver and gold, in opposition to Torah law. He justified this by asserting that he would not fall prey to the dangers that the Torah wished to prevent by the institution of these laws (see Sanhedrin 21b). and he began fearing the spirits, as it is stated: “Each man, a sword on his thigh, from fear in the nights” (Song of Songs 3:8). Initially, the spirits were terrified of him, and ultimately, he began to fear them. That is why there is no mitzva that the Holy One blessed be He did not caution in its regard,66The Torah hints to the punishment for the violation of each commandment. as it is stated: “If a man sells his daughter as a maidservant” (Exodus 21:7). What caused this to happen to him? It is the transgression that he violated vis-à-vis others.67He mistreated his Hebrew slave, which is the topic of the verses immediately prior to this verse.
“One who strikes a man and he dies” (Exodus 21:12). What caused this to happen to him? The fact that he did not look into the Torah, in which it is written: “One who sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed” (Genesis 9:6). This is analogous to a person who marred the statue of the king and ascended to the platform.68For judgment. The king said to him: ‘Did you not read in my royal edicts that anyone who touches my statue is to be eliminated? Why did you not spare yourself?’ So too, if a person kills a person of Israel, it is as though he removes the image of a king, and he is sentenced and has no life, as man was created in the image of the ministering angels. If he kills unwittingly, God provides him with a place to which he can flee. If he kills intentionally, even if he is the High Priest, he is killed. You have no one greater than Saul, as it is stated: “Daughters of Israel, weep over Saul” (II Samuel 1:24). Who collected from him the blood that was on his hands when he died? It was not Israel who collected it, but rather the Givonites, as it is stated: “Let seven men of his sons be given to us [and we will hang them]” (II Samuel 21:6). The priests forgave him,69They forgave him for the massacre in the priestly city of Nov. but the Givonites did not forgive him. That is why God distanced them, as it is stated: “The Givonites were not of the children of Israel” (II Samuel 21:2). That is what David feared, as it is stated: “Save me from bloodshed, God” (Psalms 51:16).
Bereshit Rabbah
“From Asher, his bread is rich, and he will provide royal delicacies” (Genesis 49:20).
“From Asher, his bread is rich” – as his daughters are fair, as it is stated: “As women will deem me fortunate” (Genesis 30:13).45The verse is interpreted here to mean, “I will be deemed fortunate because of my daughters,” an allusion to their great beauty. Likewise it says: “He will be the favorite of his brothers” (Deuteronomy 33:24) – because of his daughters. “And he will provide royal delicacies [maadanei]” – as his daughters are worthy of royalty, as it is stated: “Who clothed you in scarlet with finery [adanim]” (II Samuel 1:24).46This verse is written regarding King Saul.
“Naphtali is a doe let loose, who provides pleasant sayings” (Genesis 49:21).
“Naphtali is a doe let loose” – this is the Ginosar valley, which is as quick as a doe, in ripening produce. “Who provides pleasant sayings” – as his land is blessed, as it is stated: “Naphtali, his desire is satisfied, [and he is full with the blessing of the Lord]” (Deuteronomy 33:23). They produce first fruits for kings and speak fair words to them, and if [the kings] were displeased with them, they would become reconciled to them.
“Joseph is a fruitful tree, a fruitful tree alongside a spring; branches run over the wall” (Genesis 49:22).
“Joseph is a fruitful tree [ben porat]” – but is Porat not Joseph?47The literal connotation of the verse is that Joseph is the son of Porat. What is ben porat? It is that he was elevated because of cows [parot].48The reference is to the cows in Pharaoh’s dream.
“From Asher, his bread is rich” – as his daughters are fair, as it is stated: “As women will deem me fortunate” (Genesis 30:13).45The verse is interpreted here to mean, “I will be deemed fortunate because of my daughters,” an allusion to their great beauty. Likewise it says: “He will be the favorite of his brothers” (Deuteronomy 33:24) – because of his daughters. “And he will provide royal delicacies [maadanei]” – as his daughters are worthy of royalty, as it is stated: “Who clothed you in scarlet with finery [adanim]” (II Samuel 1:24).46This verse is written regarding King Saul.
“Naphtali is a doe let loose, who provides pleasant sayings” (Genesis 49:21).
“Naphtali is a doe let loose” – this is the Ginosar valley, which is as quick as a doe, in ripening produce. “Who provides pleasant sayings” – as his land is blessed, as it is stated: “Naphtali, his desire is satisfied, [and he is full with the blessing of the Lord]” (Deuteronomy 33:23). They produce first fruits for kings and speak fair words to them, and if [the kings] were displeased with them, they would become reconciled to them.
“Joseph is a fruitful tree, a fruitful tree alongside a spring; branches run over the wall” (Genesis 49:22).
“Joseph is a fruitful tree [ben porat]” – but is Porat not Joseph?47The literal connotation of the verse is that Joseph is the son of Porat. What is ben porat? It is that he was elevated because of cows [parot].48The reference is to the cows in Pharaoh’s dream.