시편 105:28 미드라쉬: Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot Rabbah & Bereshit Rabbah

(Exod. 10:21:) THEN THE LORD SAID UNTO MOSES: STRETCH OUT YOUR HAND TOWARD THE HEAVENS <THAT THERE MAY BE DARKNESS OVER THE LAND OF EGYPT>….¹Note that both Tanhumas seem to omit the beginning section (Exod. 10:1–20) of parashah Bo. The missing passage seems to include a whole parashah of the so-called triennial cycle. This text is related (to Ps. 105:28): HE SENT DARKNESS, AND IT BECAME DARK; [FOR THEY DID NOT DEFY (maru) HIS WORD]. The darkness which the Holy One sent upon Egypt was very severe. R. Aha said: <It was> because they did not accept the {regulations middotaw} [authority (marut)] of the Holy One over themselves.²By interpreting the verb maru as coming from the same root as the word for authority, R. Aha has interpreted the second part of Ps. 105:28 to mean: FOR THEY DID NOT ACCEPT THE AUTHORITY OF HIS WORD. Similarly Tanh., Exod. 3:1; Exod. R. 14:1; M. Pss. 105:9. Our Masters have said: What is the meaning of THEY DID NOT DEFY (MRH) HIS WORD? <It is> in reference to their having disregarded (rt.: MRH) the word of the Holy One. The Holy One said to the ministering angels: The Egyptians deserved to be smitten with darkness. Immediately they agreed and said: Yes. Not one of them rebelled (rt.: MRH) against the Holy One. (Ps. 105:28b:) THEY DID NOT DEFY (MRH) HIS WORD. (Vs. 28a:) HE SENT DARKNESS, AND IT BECAME DARK. To what is the matter comparable? To a king whose servant sinned against him. So he said to someone: Go and give him fifty lashes. He went and gave him a hundred. Thus he increased <the punishment > on his own. So did the Holy One send darkness over Egypt, and the darkness increased. (Ibid.:) HE SENT DARKNESS, AND IT BECAME <even more> DARK.

And the Lord said unto Moses: “stretch out thy hand toward the heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt” (Exod. 10:21). Scripture states (elsewhere in reference to this verse): He sent darkness, and it was dark; and they rebelled not against His word (Ps. 105:28). The darkness that the Holy One, blessed be He, spread over Egypt was exceedingly thick. Why? Because they would not submit to the authority of the word of the Holy One, blessed be He¹Word-play on rebelled not (maru), connecting marut (“rebel”) from marut (“authority”). See Exodus Rabbah 4:1. The Holy One, blessed be He, told Egypt’s guardian angels: They deserve to be smitten with darkness, and they all agreed at once, for they rebelled not against His word (ibid.). He sent darkness, and it was dark (ibid. 105:28). This implies that the darkness had a substance of its own. To what may this be compared? It may be compared to a king whose slave has rebelled against him. He told one of his aides: “Go give him fifty lashes.” When that person whipped the slave, however, he administered a hundred lashes, adding fifty of his own accord. Similarly, when the Holy One, blessed be He, may His name be blessed, sent the darkness upon Egypt, the darkness added something of its own. Hence, He sent darkness, and it was dark (ibid.).

“The Lord said to Moses: Extend your hand toward the heavens, and there will be darkness over the land of Egypt, and the darkness will be tangible” (Exodus 10:21).
“The Lord said to Moses: Extend your hand toward the heavens.” That is what is written: “He sent darkness, and it was dark; and they did not defy [maru] His word” (Psalms 105:28). Our Rabbis said: It is because they did not accept the authority [marut] of the word of the Holy One blessed be He over them. Alternatively, the Holy One blessed be He said to the angels: ‘The Egyptians deserve to be afflicted with darkness,’ and they all immediately agreed as one, and did not defy. What is: “He sent darkness, and it was dark”? To what is this matter similar? It is similar to a master whose servant sinned against him. He said to someone: ‘Go and strike him fifty beatings.’ He went and struck him one hundred beatings, adding some of his own. So, the exalted Holy One blessed be He sent darkness upon the Egyptians, and the darkness added on its own; that is: “He sent darkness, and it was dark [vayaḥshikh].”¹This could be translated as “and it made it dark.”
“And the darkness will be tangible.” What were the dimensions of the darkness? Our Rabbis said: It was as thick as a dinar,²A coin. as it is stated: “And the darkness will be tangible [veyamesh],” that it had substance [mamash].