וַיִּתֵּ֣ן אוֹתָ֣ם לְרַחֲמִ֑ים לִ֝פְנֵ֗י כָּל־שׁוֹבֵיהֶֽם׃
저희로 사로잡은 모든 자에게서 긍휼히 여김을 받게 하셨도다
Devarim Rabbah
Another matter: Rabbi Elazar said: When Israel was redeemed from Egypt, they were redeemed only due to these five matters: Due to distress, due to repentance, due to the merit of the patriarchs, due to mercy, and due to the end.46According to this view, God had decreed that Abraham’s descendants would be “strangers in a land that is not theirs…four hundred years” (Genesis 15:13), and that this period began from the birth of Isaac. Therefore, once that time period ended, it was time for Israel to be redeemed (Etz Yosef). Due to distress, as it is written: “The children of Israel sighed” (Exodus 2:23). Due to repentance, as it is written: “Their plea rose to God” (Exodus 2:23).47The fact that their pleas rose to God and were accepted indicates that they had repented. Alternatively, see Etz Yosef based on the Jerusalem Talmud. Due to the merit of the patriarchs, as it is written: “God remembered His covenant [with Abraham, with Isaac and with Jacob]” (Exodus 2:24). Due to mercy, as it is written: “God saw the children of Israel” (Exodus 2:25).48He saw their plight and had mercy on them. And due to the end, as it is written: “And God knew” (Exodus 2:25).49He knew that the time had come to fulfill His promise to Abraham (see Shemot Rabba 1:36).
In the future, too, they will be redeemed only due to those five matters: Due to distress, as it is written: “When you are in distress” – that is due to distress. “You will return to the Lord your God” (Deuteronomy 4:30) – that is due to repentance. “As the Lord your God is a merciful God” (Deuteronomy 4:31) – that is due to mercy. “Nor forget the covenant of your fathers” (Deuteronomy 4:31) – that is due to the merit of the patriarchs. “And all these matters befall you by the end of days” (Deuteronomy 4:30) – this is due to the end.
David articulated them: “He saw their distress” (Psalms 106:44) – that is due to distress. “When He heard their cry” (Psalms 106:44) – that is due to repentance. “He remembered His covenant for them” (Psalms 106:45) – that is due to the merit of the patriarchs. “He caused them to receive mercy” (Psalms 106:46) – that is due to mercy. “Save us, Lord our God, and gather us in and save us from the nations” (I Chronicles 16:35)50See also Psalms 106:47. – this is due to the end.
In the future, too, they will be redeemed only due to those five matters: Due to distress, as it is written: “When you are in distress” – that is due to distress. “You will return to the Lord your God” (Deuteronomy 4:30) – that is due to repentance. “As the Lord your God is a merciful God” (Deuteronomy 4:31) – that is due to mercy. “Nor forget the covenant of your fathers” (Deuteronomy 4:31) – that is due to the merit of the patriarchs. “And all these matters befall you by the end of days” (Deuteronomy 4:30) – this is due to the end.
David articulated them: “He saw their distress” (Psalms 106:44) – that is due to distress. “When He heard their cry” (Psalms 106:44) – that is due to repentance. “He remembered His covenant for them” (Psalms 106:45) – that is due to the merit of the patriarchs. “He caused them to receive mercy” (Psalms 106:46) – that is due to mercy. “Save us, Lord our God, and gather us in and save us from the nations” (I Chronicles 16:35)50See also Psalms 106:47. – this is due to the end.
Bereshit Rabbah
“God set them in the firmament of the heavens to illuminate upon the earth” (Genesis 1:17).
“God set them in the firmament of the heavens” – Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Three items were given as a gift [matana] to the world: The Torah, the lights, and the rains. The Torah, from where is it derived? It is as it is stated: “He gave [vayiten] to Moses [the two tablets of Testimony]” (Exodus 31:18). The lights, from where is it derived? It is as it is stated: “God set [vayiten] them in the firmament of the heavens.” The rains, from where is it derived? It is as it is stated: “I will provide [venatati] your rains in their seasons” (Leviticus 26:4). Rabbi Azarya says in the name of Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon: Peace, as well, as it is stated: “I will grant [venatati] peace in the land” (Leviticus 26:6). Rabbi Yehoshua ben Rabbi Neḥemya said: Salvation, as well, as it is stated: “You have given [vatiten] me the shield of Your salvation” (Psalms 18:36). Rabbi Tanḥuma said: The Land of Israel, as well, as it is stated: “He gave [vayiten] them the lands of the nations…” (Psalms 105:44). Some say, vengeance against Edom, as well, as it is stated: “I will set [venatati] My vengeance upon Edom…” (Ezekiel 25:14). The Rabbis say: Mercy, as well, as it is stated: “He situated [vayiten] them for mercy before their captors” (Psalms 106:46).
Rabbi Yitzḥak bar Maryon says: Setting sail in the Great Sea, as well, as it is stated: “So said the Lord, who makes [noten] a way in the sea…” (Isaiah 43:16). The Rabbis say: “Who makes a way in the sea” – from Shavuot until Sukkot;16Summertime, when the seas are generally calm. “and a path in mighty waters” (Isaiah 43:16) – from Sukkot until Hanukkah.17Autumn, when the seas consist of “mighty waters.” Rabbi Natan, son of the brother of Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba, was setting out to sea. He said to his brother: ‘Pray for me.’ He said to him: ‘What should I pray for you? From when you bind up your lulav, bind up your feet.18Do not travel after Sukkot. If you enter a synagogue and hear them praying for rain,19A prayer that is recited from Sukkot onwards. do not rely on my prayer.’
Rabbi Yehoshua son of Rabbi Tanḥuma ben Rabbi Ḥiyya of Kefar Ḥanun was in Asia Minor. He wanted to set sail [after Sukkot]. A noblewoman said to him: ‘Are you setting sail on these days?’ She said this in astonishment. His father appeared to him in a dream. He said to him: ‘My son will go without burial, as it is stated: “Moreover, he has no burial”’ (Ecclesiastes 6:3). He heeded neither the words of this one nor the words of that one, and so it befell him.
“God set them in the firmament of the heavens” – Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Three items were given as a gift [matana] to the world: The Torah, the lights, and the rains. The Torah, from where is it derived? It is as it is stated: “He gave [vayiten] to Moses [the two tablets of Testimony]” (Exodus 31:18). The lights, from where is it derived? It is as it is stated: “God set [vayiten] them in the firmament of the heavens.” The rains, from where is it derived? It is as it is stated: “I will provide [venatati] your rains in their seasons” (Leviticus 26:4). Rabbi Azarya says in the name of Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon: Peace, as well, as it is stated: “I will grant [venatati] peace in the land” (Leviticus 26:6). Rabbi Yehoshua ben Rabbi Neḥemya said: Salvation, as well, as it is stated: “You have given [vatiten] me the shield of Your salvation” (Psalms 18:36). Rabbi Tanḥuma said: The Land of Israel, as well, as it is stated: “He gave [vayiten] them the lands of the nations…” (Psalms 105:44). Some say, vengeance against Edom, as well, as it is stated: “I will set [venatati] My vengeance upon Edom…” (Ezekiel 25:14). The Rabbis say: Mercy, as well, as it is stated: “He situated [vayiten] them for mercy before their captors” (Psalms 106:46).
Rabbi Yitzḥak bar Maryon says: Setting sail in the Great Sea, as well, as it is stated: “So said the Lord, who makes [noten] a way in the sea…” (Isaiah 43:16). The Rabbis say: “Who makes a way in the sea” – from Shavuot until Sukkot;16Summertime, when the seas are generally calm. “and a path in mighty waters” (Isaiah 43:16) – from Sukkot until Hanukkah.17Autumn, when the seas consist of “mighty waters.” Rabbi Natan, son of the brother of Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba, was setting out to sea. He said to his brother: ‘Pray for me.’ He said to him: ‘What should I pray for you? From when you bind up your lulav, bind up your feet.18Do not travel after Sukkot. If you enter a synagogue and hear them praying for rain,19A prayer that is recited from Sukkot onwards. do not rely on my prayer.’
Rabbi Yehoshua son of Rabbi Tanḥuma ben Rabbi Ḥiyya of Kefar Ḥanun was in Asia Minor. He wanted to set sail [after Sukkot]. A noblewoman said to him: ‘Are you setting sail on these days?’ She said this in astonishment. His father appeared to him in a dream. He said to him: ‘My son will go without burial, as it is stated: “Moreover, he has no burial”’ (Ecclesiastes 6:3). He heeded neither the words of this one nor the words of that one, and so it befell him.
Midrash Tanchuma Buber
Another interpretation (of Gen. 43:14): AND MAY GOD ALMIGHTY. < These words > speak about Israel and about their captivity. (Ibid., cont.:) GRANT YOU MERCY. (Ps. 106:46:) AND HE DID GRANT THEM MERCY BEFORE ALL THEIR CAPTORS.