נְרַנְּנָ֤ה ׀ בִּ֘ישׁ֤וּעָתֶ֗ךָ וּבְשֵֽׁם־אֱלֹהֵ֥ינוּ נִדְגֹּ֑ל יְמַלֵּ֥א יְ֝הוָ֗ה כָּל־מִשְׁאֲלוֹתֶֽיךָ׃
우리가 너의 승리로 인하여 개가를 부르며 우리 하나님의 이름으로 우리 기를 세우리니 여호와께서 네 모든 기도를 이루시기를 원하노라
Bamidbar Rabbah
“Each at his banner, with the insignias of their patrilineal houses, the children of Israel shall encamp; at a distance, around the Tent of Meeting, they shall encamp” (Numbers 2:2).
“Each at his banner…,” that is what is written: “We will sing with joy at your salvation and raise banners in the name of our God…” (Psalms 20:6). Israel said before the Holy One blessed be He: ‘We are singing with joy at Your salvation, what You have done on our behalf in Your name’ – “we will sing with joy at Your salvation.” “The Lord saved [vayosha] Israel on that day” (Exodus 14:30). Vayivasha is written,1The letters of vayosha (saved somebody else) are the same as the letters of vayivasha (was himself saved). as it were, Israel is saved and it is as though He was saved. “And raise banners in the name of our God,” as the Holy One blessed be He affixed His name to ours and arranged us according to banners, as it is stated: “Each at his banner.”
“Each at his banner…,” that is what is written: “We will sing with joy at your salvation and raise banners in the name of our God…” (Psalms 20:6). Israel said before the Holy One blessed be He: ‘We are singing with joy at Your salvation, what You have done on our behalf in Your name’ – “we will sing with joy at Your salvation.” “The Lord saved [vayosha] Israel on that day” (Exodus 14:30). Vayivasha is written,1The letters of vayosha (saved somebody else) are the same as the letters of vayivasha (was himself saved). as it were, Israel is saved and it is as though He was saved. “And raise banners in the name of our God,” as the Holy One blessed be He affixed His name to ours and arranged us according to banners, as it is stated: “Each at his banner.”
Bamidbar Rabbah
The Holy One blessed be He loved them with a great love, as he arranged them according to banners like the ministering angels, so that they would be distinguishable. From where is it derived that it was love for Israel? It is as Solomon says: “He brought me to the banquet house, and his banner of love is upon me” (Song of Songs 2:4). Rabbi Abahu said: Why does the verse state: “He brought me to the banquet house…”? To what is the matter comparable? It is to a wealthy man who had a storehouse full of wine. He entered to check it and discovered that it was all vinegar. He came to leave the storehouse and discovered one barrel of fine wine. He said: ‘For me, this wine is as dear as a full storehouse.’ So, the Holy One blessed be He created seventy nations, and of all of them, He derived pleasure only from Israel, as it is stated. “He brought me to the banquet house.” From where is it derived that wine [yayin] equals seventy? Yod – ten, Yod – ten, and nun – fifty; that is seventy. Of all of them: “His banner of love is upon me.”
Rabbi Yehuda says: “He brought me to the banquet house,” to the great wine cellar, this is Sinai, and Moses taught me Torah that is expounded in forty-nine aspects; “and his banner [vediglo]2Vav – 6, dalet – 4, gimel – 3, lamed – 30, vav – 6 = 49. of love is upon me.”
Rabbi Ḥanina said: Initially, anyone who would point to the image of a king with his finger would be killed, but the children go to the study hall and point to the mentions of God’s name with their finger. God said: “His banner [vediglo] of love is upon me” – his finger [vegudalo]3These are the same Hebrew letters which appear in the word vediglo. is beloved by Me. Rabbi Yisakhar says: “His banner [vediglo] of love is upon me” – even a person who sits and engages in Torah study and skips [umdaleg] from halakha to halakha and from verse to verse, the Holy One blessed be He says: ‘It is dear to Me,’ – “His banner [vediglo] of love is upon me,” – his skipping [dilugo] is beloved by Me.4Even though he does not study in a methodical manner, his studying is beloved.
Another matter, “and his banner of love is upon me.” The Holy One blessed be He said: ‘The nations of the world have banners, but only the banner of Jacob is dear to Me.’ That is what is written: “And his banner of love is upon me.”
Another matter, “he brought me to the banquet house,” when the Holy One blessed be He appeared upon Mount Sinai, twenty-two myriads of angels descended with him, as it is stated: “The chariots of God are myriad, thousands upon thousands of companies” (Psalms 68:18), and they were all arranged according to banners, as it is stated: “Preeminent [dagul] among a myriad” (Song of Songs 5:10). When Israel saw that they were all arranged according to banners, they began desiring banners. If only we could be arranged according to banners like them. Therefore, it is stated: “He brought me to the banquet house, [and his banner of love is upon me],” this is Sinai, at which the Torah, which is likened to wine, was given. “And drink of the wine which I have mixed” (Proverbs 9:5); that is “to the banquet house,” this is Sinai. “And his banner [vediglo] of love is upon me,” they said ‘if only He would show great love to me.’ Likewise it says: “We will sing with joy at your salvation [and raise banners in the name of our God]” (Psalms 20:6). The Holy One blessed be He said to them: ‘How you have desired to be arranged according to banners, by your life, I will fulfill your wish’ – “May the Lord fulfill all your wishes” (Psalms 20:6). Immediately, the Holy One blessed be He informed Israel and said to Moses: ‘Go and arrange them according to banners, as they desired.’
Rabbi Yehuda says: “He brought me to the banquet house,” to the great wine cellar, this is Sinai, and Moses taught me Torah that is expounded in forty-nine aspects; “and his banner [vediglo]2Vav – 6, dalet – 4, gimel – 3, lamed – 30, vav – 6 = 49. of love is upon me.”
Rabbi Ḥanina said: Initially, anyone who would point to the image of a king with his finger would be killed, but the children go to the study hall and point to the mentions of God’s name with their finger. God said: “His banner [vediglo] of love is upon me” – his finger [vegudalo]3These are the same Hebrew letters which appear in the word vediglo. is beloved by Me. Rabbi Yisakhar says: “His banner [vediglo] of love is upon me” – even a person who sits and engages in Torah study and skips [umdaleg] from halakha to halakha and from verse to verse, the Holy One blessed be He says: ‘It is dear to Me,’ – “His banner [vediglo] of love is upon me,” – his skipping [dilugo] is beloved by Me.4Even though he does not study in a methodical manner, his studying is beloved.
Another matter, “and his banner of love is upon me.” The Holy One blessed be He said: ‘The nations of the world have banners, but only the banner of Jacob is dear to Me.’ That is what is written: “And his banner of love is upon me.”
Another matter, “he brought me to the banquet house,” when the Holy One blessed be He appeared upon Mount Sinai, twenty-two myriads of angels descended with him, as it is stated: “The chariots of God are myriad, thousands upon thousands of companies” (Psalms 68:18), and they were all arranged according to banners, as it is stated: “Preeminent [dagul] among a myriad” (Song of Songs 5:10). When Israel saw that they were all arranged according to banners, they began desiring banners. If only we could be arranged according to banners like them. Therefore, it is stated: “He brought me to the banquet house, [and his banner of love is upon me],” this is Sinai, at which the Torah, which is likened to wine, was given. “And drink of the wine which I have mixed” (Proverbs 9:5); that is “to the banquet house,” this is Sinai. “And his banner [vediglo] of love is upon me,” they said ‘if only He would show great love to me.’ Likewise it says: “We will sing with joy at your salvation [and raise banners in the name of our God]” (Psalms 20:6). The Holy One blessed be He said to them: ‘How you have desired to be arranged according to banners, by your life, I will fulfill your wish’ – “May the Lord fulfill all your wishes” (Psalms 20:6). Immediately, the Holy One blessed be He informed Israel and said to Moses: ‘Go and arrange them according to banners, as they desired.’
Bamidbar Rabbah
It needed to say only: If the wife of a man [ish] will stray. Why does the verse state: “Any man [ish ish]”? It is because even though she engages in relations with one man, she is committed to two and she denies [her commitment to] two. The one, when she engages in harlotry she denies [her commitment to] her husband, who entrusted her with his body3His semen. to keep it. And one, when she denies [her commitment to] the Holy One blessed be He who commanded her: “You shall not commit adultery” (Exodus 20:13), and it says: “The adulterer and the adulteress shall be put to death” (Leviticus 20:10).
From where is it derived that the Holy One blessed be He is called an ish? It is as it is stated: “The Lord is a Man [ish] of war…” (Exodus 15:3). This is why “and commit a trespass against him” is written regarding the sota: It is because she denies a claim concerning a deposit, just as it says: “A person who will sin, and commit a trespass against the Lord, and lie to his counterpart [regarding a deposit]…” (Leviticus 5:21). The matters may be inferred a fortiori: If regarding the lenient area of money, anyone who denies a claim regarding a deposit it is as though he denied the Holy One blessed be He, as it is stated: “And commit a trespass against the Lord, and lie”; one who denies the deposit of the body, all the more so that anyone who denies it, it is as though he denies the Holy One blessed be He. That is why it is stated: “Ish ish,” because she denies her commitment to two ishim, to the Holy One blessed be He, who is called an ish, and to her husband who is an ish. Likewise it says: “Who forsakes the husband of her youth and forgets the covenant of her God.” (Proverbs 2:17).
Another matter: “Ish ish” – the Torah teaches you that you should be forbearing in your house. Wine spilled; be forbearing, “to bequeath [substance to those who love me]” (Proverbs 8:21).4The Holy One blessed be He has the capacity to provide wealth to those who love him, so there is no need for a harsh reaction. The same is true of oil: “And I will fill their storehouses” (Proverbs 8:21). Your garment ripped; “the Lord will fulfill all your wishes” (Psalms 20:6). But if you heard a matter concerning your wife, rise like a man. To the one [to] whom you are a man, be a man. That is why it is stated: “Ish ish.”
From where is it derived that the Holy One blessed be He is called an ish? It is as it is stated: “The Lord is a Man [ish] of war…” (Exodus 15:3). This is why “and commit a trespass against him” is written regarding the sota: It is because she denies a claim concerning a deposit, just as it says: “A person who will sin, and commit a trespass against the Lord, and lie to his counterpart [regarding a deposit]…” (Leviticus 5:21). The matters may be inferred a fortiori: If regarding the lenient area of money, anyone who denies a claim regarding a deposit it is as though he denied the Holy One blessed be He, as it is stated: “And commit a trespass against the Lord, and lie”; one who denies the deposit of the body, all the more so that anyone who denies it, it is as though he denies the Holy One blessed be He. That is why it is stated: “Ish ish,” because she denies her commitment to two ishim, to the Holy One blessed be He, who is called an ish, and to her husband who is an ish. Likewise it says: “Who forsakes the husband of her youth and forgets the covenant of her God.” (Proverbs 2:17).
Another matter: “Ish ish” – the Torah teaches you that you should be forbearing in your house. Wine spilled; be forbearing, “to bequeath [substance to those who love me]” (Proverbs 8:21).4The Holy One blessed be He has the capacity to provide wealth to those who love him, so there is no need for a harsh reaction. The same is true of oil: “And I will fill their storehouses” (Proverbs 8:21). Your garment ripped; “the Lord will fulfill all your wishes” (Psalms 20:6). But if you heard a matter concerning your wife, rise like a man. To the one [to] whom you are a man, be a man. That is why it is stated: “Ish ish.”