כִּי־יִמָּצֵ֣א חָלָ֗ל בָּאֲדָמָה֙ אֲשֶׁר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ נֹתֵ֤ן לְךָ֙ לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ נֹפֵ֖ל בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה לֹ֥א נוֹדַ֖ע מִ֥י הִכָּֽהוּ׃
네 하나님 여호와께서 네게 주어 얻게 하시는 땅에서 혹시 피살한 시체가 들에 엎드러진 것을 발견하고 그 쳐 죽인 자가 누구인지 알지 못하거든
Sifra
7) (Vayikra 7:24) "lo tochluhu": I might think this means that he shall not feed it to others (non-Jews). It is, therefore, written (Vayikra 7:24) "ve'achol" — You may feed it to others. But perhaps "ve'achol" signifies that cheilev from which benefit may be derived is clean (of neveilah-tumah and may be used for all service), but the cheilev of an ox that was stoned, and that of an eglah arufah (the heifer of the broken neck, Devarim 21:1-9, [if it died before its mitzvah was performed]), from which benefit may not be derived, is not clean (of neveilah-tumah). It is, therefore, written (Devarim 21:9) (the redundant) "and the cheilev … and the cheilev" (to include the cheilev of the foregoing as permitted for all use).
Midrash Tanchuma
And he sent Judah before him (Gen. 46:28). Jacob sent Judah before him to establish an academy wherein he might teach the Torah as he had previously done for the tribes. You know that he taught his sons earlier from the fact that Jacob remembered the chapter of the Torah that Joseph was studying with him at the time of his disappearance. When Joseph’s brothers returned and told him: “Joseph is yet alive” … his heart fainted, for he believed them not (Gen. 45:26). Jacob recalled the chapter of the Torah that Joseph was studying at the time of his departure, and he said to himself: “I know that he was studying the portion devoted to the beheaded heifer.”13See Deut. 21:1–9. Whereupon he turned to them and said: “If he gave you something to indicate the chapter he was studying when he departed from here, I will believe you.” Joseph had also remembered the chapter he was studying when he was separated from his father. What did Joseph do? He gave them wagons (ibid., v. 21). When Jacob saw the wagons (‘agalot), the spirit of their father revived forthwith.14Word-play relating ‘agalot (“wagons”) to kelayot (“kidneys”), stated in the next paragraph to be the organ through which Abraham learned and retained the law. This teaches us that wherever Joseph went, he devoted himself to the law, as his ancestors had done before him, even though the Torah itself had not yet been given. And thus it is written: Because that Abraham hearkened to My voice and kept My laws (Gen. 26:5).
Bereshit Rabbah
“He said: My Lord God, how can I know that I will inherit it?” (Genesis 15:8).
“He said: My Lord God, how can I know” – Rabbi Ḥiyya ben Rabbi Ḥanina said: [Abraham said this] not like someone who is complaining, but rather, he said to Him: ‘By what merit [will I inherit it]?’ He said to him: ‘By means of the atonements that I will provide for your descendants.’
“He said to him: Take for Me three calves, and three goats, and three rams, and a dove, and a young pigeon” (Genesis 15:9).
“He said to him: Take for Me three calves” – He showed him three types [of atonement] involving bulls, three types involving goats, and three types involving rams: Three types involving bulls: the bull of Yom Kippur;45See Leviticus 16:3. the bull that is brought for the transgression of any of the mitzvot;46See Leviticus 4:13–21. and the beheaded calf.47See Deuteronomy 21:1–8. Three types involving goats: the goats of the festivals;48See Numbers 28:22–29:38. the goats of the New Moon;49See Numbers 28:15. and the goat offered by the individual.50See Numbers 15:27. Three types involving rams: the definite guilt offering;51See Leviticus 5:15, 5:20–25, 19:20–21. the provisional guilt offering;52See Leviticus 5:17–18. and the lamb offered by the individual.53See Leviticus 4:32. “And a dove, and a young pigeon.”54See Leviticus 5:7.
“He took all these for Him. He divided them in the middle, and placed each half opposite the other; but the birds he did not divide” (Genesis 15:10).
“He took all these for him” – Rabbi Shimon bar Yoḥai and the Rabbis, Rabbi Shimon bar Yoḥai says: He showed him all the [other] types of atonement, but the tenth of an ephah [meal offering]55See Leviticus 5:11. He did not show him. The Rabbis say: He showed him the tenth of an ephah as well. It is stated here: “He took all these [eleh] for Him” and it is stated elsewhere: “You shall bring the meal offering that is prepared of these [eleh] to the Lord” (Leviticus 2:8).56The word eleh, found in both verses, forms the basis of a verbal analogy, suggesting that the meal offering is alluded to here as well.
“But the birds he did not divide” – the Holy One blessed be He showed him that [the head of] the bird burnt-offering is to be severed57The bird is slaughtered so that the neck is cut all the way through, the head being almost severed. but [the head of] the bird sin-offering is not to be severed.58The slaughter of this bird sacrifice does not pierce through the entire neck (see Leviticus 5:8). Since the birds brought by Abraham alluded to the atonement of a bird sin-offering, he did not cut it in two.
“He said: My Lord God, how can I know” – Rabbi Ḥiyya ben Rabbi Ḥanina said: [Abraham said this] not like someone who is complaining, but rather, he said to Him: ‘By what merit [will I inherit it]?’ He said to him: ‘By means of the atonements that I will provide for your descendants.’
“He said to him: Take for Me three calves, and three goats, and three rams, and a dove, and a young pigeon” (Genesis 15:9).
“He said to him: Take for Me three calves” – He showed him three types [of atonement] involving bulls, three types involving goats, and three types involving rams: Three types involving bulls: the bull of Yom Kippur;45See Leviticus 16:3. the bull that is brought for the transgression of any of the mitzvot;46See Leviticus 4:13–21. and the beheaded calf.47See Deuteronomy 21:1–8. Three types involving goats: the goats of the festivals;48See Numbers 28:22–29:38. the goats of the New Moon;49See Numbers 28:15. and the goat offered by the individual.50See Numbers 15:27. Three types involving rams: the definite guilt offering;51See Leviticus 5:15, 5:20–25, 19:20–21. the provisional guilt offering;52See Leviticus 5:17–18. and the lamb offered by the individual.53See Leviticus 4:32. “And a dove, and a young pigeon.”54See Leviticus 5:7.
“He took all these for Him. He divided them in the middle, and placed each half opposite the other; but the birds he did not divide” (Genesis 15:10).
“He took all these for him” – Rabbi Shimon bar Yoḥai and the Rabbis, Rabbi Shimon bar Yoḥai says: He showed him all the [other] types of atonement, but the tenth of an ephah [meal offering]55See Leviticus 5:11. He did not show him. The Rabbis say: He showed him the tenth of an ephah as well. It is stated here: “He took all these [eleh] for Him” and it is stated elsewhere: “You shall bring the meal offering that is prepared of these [eleh] to the Lord” (Leviticus 2:8).56The word eleh, found in both verses, forms the basis of a verbal analogy, suggesting that the meal offering is alluded to here as well.
“But the birds he did not divide” – the Holy One blessed be He showed him that [the head of] the bird burnt-offering is to be severed57The bird is slaughtered so that the neck is cut all the way through, the head being almost severed. but [the head of] the bird sin-offering is not to be severed.58The slaughter of this bird sacrifice does not pierce through the entire neck (see Leviticus 5:8). Since the birds brought by Abraham alluded to the atonement of a bird sin-offering, he did not cut it in two.