이사야 51:3 미드라쉬: Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Bereshit Rabbah, Midrash Tanchuma & Midrash Mishlei

(Ps. 48:3 [2]): <BEAUTEOUS LANDSCAPE>, THE JOY OF THE WHOLE EARTH, <EVEN MOUNT ZION>. R. Jonathan ben Eleazar said: There is a story about a certain pragmateutes³⁹The Greek word means “trader.” {shepherd} who went to the land of Israel to sell peppers.⁴⁰Exod. R. 51:5; PR 41:2. He came and dwelt there, but he did not make a sale. He said: Is this <the city about which> they have said (in Ps. 48:3 [2]): THE JOY OF THE WHOLE EARTH? In one hour he had sold all his peppers. He said: This is surely THE JOY OF THE WHOLE EARTH, EVEN MOUNT ZION, THE REMOTE REGIONS OF ZAPHON, THE CITY OF THE GREAT KING. Now what is all this glory for? Because it is THE CITY OF THE GREAT KING. Since Jerusalem has been destroyed, (Is. 24:11:) ALL GLADNESS IS OBSCURED; THE JOY OF THE WHOLE EARTH HAS DEPARTED. What is the meaning of IS OBSCURED (rt.: 'RB)?⁴¹Below, Tanh. (Buber), Lev. 3:9. "Became dark," qavelah (in Aramaic). <It is> as they say (in Gen. 1:5):⁴²Also in Gen. 1:8, 13, 19, 23, 31. AND THERE WAS EVENING ('RB). In this world THE JOY OF THE WHOLE EARTH has ceased. When the Holy One returns and rebuilds Jerusalem, he will bring back gladness, as stated (in Is. 51:3): TRULY THE LORD HAS COMFORTED ZION; HE HAS COMFORTED ALL ITS RUINS. HE HAS ALSO MADE ITS DESERT LIKE EDEN AND ITS DRY PLAIN LIKE THE GARDEN OF THE LORD. JOY AND REJOICING SHALL BE FOUND IN IT, THANKSGIVING AND THE SOUND OF MUSIC.

You find that Sennacherib exiled Israel in three exiles.⁴³Tanh., Numb. 10:13; Numb. R. 23:14; cf. Lam. R. Proem 5. First, he exiled the Reubenites, the Gadites, and half the tribe of Manasseh. Second, <came> the tribe of Zebulon and the tribe of Naphtali, as stated (in Is. 8:23 [9:1]): IN THE FORMER TIME HE ABASED THE LAND OF ZEBULON AND THE LAND OF NAPHTALI. Third, he exiled the rest of the tribes, as stated (ibid., cont.): AND LATER HE AFFLICTED <THE WAY OF THE SEA, THE OTHER SIDE OF THE JORDAN, GALILEE OF THE GENTILES>.⁴⁴Translations of this verse vary, but the translation given here fits the sense of the midrash. Nebuchadnezzar also carried out three exiles with the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. In the first he exiled Jehoiakim <and> in the second, Jehoiachin. What did he do? He bound him in his carriage⁴⁵Lat.: carruca; Gk.: karrouchion. and <there> he became dear to him.⁴⁶In note 65 Buber suggests a translation such as, “and it was his favorite.” Thus it is stated: Behold, I am sending you away like a queen mother.⁴⁷The text is not in Scripture, but cf. Jer. 29:2. Just as one honors the queen mother, so did Nebuzaradan act toward him. Then Nebuzaradan exiled Zedekiah, for a total of three exiles. The Holy one said: In this world Israel has gone into exile because of iniquities, but in the age to come (according to Deut. 30:4): EVEN IF YOUR BANISHMENT IS TO THE END OF THE HEAVENS, FROM THERE WILL THE LORD YOUR GOD GATHER YOU, EVEN FROM THERE WILL HE BRING YOU BACK. It also says (in Is. 11:12): AND HE SHALL GATHER THE DISPERSED OF JUDAH…. And it says (in Is. 35:10): AND THE RANSOMED OF THE LORD SHALL SHALL RETURN AND COME TO ZION WITH SINGING. EVERLASTING JOY SHALL BE UPON THEIR HEADS, THEY SHALL OBTAIN JOY AND GLADNESS, WHILE SORROW AND SIGHING SHALL FLEE AWAY. And it says (in Is. 51:3): TRULY THE LORD HAS COMFORTED ZION; HE HAS COMFORTED ALL ITS RUINS. HE HAS ALSO MADE ITS DESERT LIKE EDEN AND ITS DRY PLAIN LIKE THE GARDEN OF THE LORD. JOY AND REJOICING SHALL BE FOUND IN IT, THANKSGIVING AND THE SOUND OF MUSIC.

“A garden in Eden” – Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Yosei, Rabbi Yehuda says: The garden is larger than Eden, as it is stated: “All the trees of Eden that were in God’s garden envied it” (Ezekiel 31:9), [and it is stated: “You were in Eden, of God’s garden” (Ezekiel 28:13)].¹¹The implication in both verses is that the place called Eden is located within the Garden. Rabbi Yosei says: Eden is larger than the garden, as it is stated: “The Lord God planted a garden in Eden.”¹²Indicating that the garden is located within Eden. It is written: “A river emerges from Eden to water the garden” (Genesis 2:10). According to the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, [this means that] from the runoff of a beit kor, a tarkav could be watered.¹³Tarkav and beit kor are units of area, tarkav being one-sixtieth of a beit kor. The verse is saying that the smaller garden was watered by the runoff from the much larger Eden. According to the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda, it is like a spring that is situated in [the middle of] the garden and waters the entire garden. But Rabbi Yehuda adduces two verses, whereas Rabbi Yosei adduces only one verse. Rabbi Ḥanin of Tzippori said: The Holy One blessed be He illuminated the eyes of Rabbi Yosei and he found another verse that was decisive in addition to the first. Which is that? “He will render its wilderness like Eden and its desert like the garden of the Lord” (Isaiah 51:3).¹⁴It likens Eden to the wilderness of the Land of Israel, which is larger than its desert to which Eden is likened.