이사야 52:5 미드라쉬: Midrash Tanchuma & Midrash Tehillim

Similarly David said: Jerusalem, thou art builded as a city that is compact together (Ps. 122:3); that is to say, like the city that the Lord built, a city that was destroyed called Jerusalem. It was built on high, directly opposite the one on earth, and concerning which He vowed that His Shekhinah would not enter the city above until the earthly Jerusalem was erected. How beloved was Israel in the sight of the Holy One, blessed be He. Whence do we know this? It is written: The Holy One in the midst of thee, and I will not come in fury (Hos. 11:9),²Be’ir (“in fury”) may be read as ba’ir (“into the city”). and it says elsewhere: Now, therefore, what do I here, saith the Lord, seeing that My people is taken away for nought? (Isa. 52:5). Our sages declared: Now, therefore, what do I here, saith the Lord implies: Why should I desire to be here in Jerusalem now that My people have been taken away from it? For nought would I be coming into it, therefore I will not come into it. May it be his will that it be rebuilt speedily in our day.

These are the accounts of the tabernacle (Exod. 38:21). Scripture states elsewhere: Lord, I love the habitation of Thy house, and the place where Thy glory dwelleth (Ps. 26:8).

A Psalm of David. May the Lord answer you on a day of trouble. This is what the verse (Psalms 50:15) means: "Call upon me in the day of trouble; I will deliver you, and you shall glorify me." When Israel is in distress and they seek me out, and they honor me in that hour, I answer them, as it is said: "He will call upon me, and I will answer him" (Psalms 91:15). The analogy is made of a woman who is angry with her mother, and her mother responds by screaming at her from above. During the woman's labor pains, she hears her mother's voice from above and screams back at her, even though she is angry with her. The neighbors ask her why she is screaming when she is giving birth with her mother. She replies that even though she is angry with her, she cannot bear her mother's screams because it is her house that is in distress. Similarly, when the Temple was destroyed and gave a cry of lamentation to the world, it is written: "The Lord of Hosts called in that day for weeping and for mourning" (Isaiah 22:12). The angels said to God, "Master of the Universe, you have 'majesty and splendor before Him' (1 Chronicles 16:27), why are you crying?" God replied, "My Temple is destroyed, and my children are in captivity and pain." Thus, it is written: "With him I am in distress" (Psalms 91:15). Rabbi Joshua the Priest said there are nine verses in this psalm that correspond to the nine months of a woman's pregnancy. What does she say? "He will answer your cries" (Psalms 91:15). Rabbi Shimon bar Abba said that you can find the 18 psalms in the book, beginning with the phrase "Happy is the man," through this verse. They correspond to the 18 blessings that a person recites every day in prayer, and one should recite Psalms 91:15 after reciting these 18 psalms. They said to David, "May the Lord answer you." Another explanation is on what day? On a day that everyone acknowledges as a day of trouble for both the upper and lower worlds. And the Holy One, blessed be He, says to the nations of the world: "Come and judge with the children of Israel," as it is said (Isaiah 41:21), "Present your case, says the Lord." And they say, "Master of the Universe, who creates the chaos of your children?" And He says to them, "I am the One who gives strength and might to the people," as it is said (Psalms 68:36), "He gives power and strength to His people." And the ministers of the nations of the world say, "Master of the Universe, is there no distinction in these matters? Some reveal forbidden relationships and others reveal forbidden relationships. These spill blood, and those spill blood. These serve foreign gods, and those serve foreign gods. Why do these go down to Gehenna and those do not?" At that moment, the advocate of Israel becomes silent, as it is said (Daniel 12:1), "At that time Michael, the great prince who protects your people, will arise." And the one who stands becomes silent, as it is said (Job 32:15), "They are dismayed and no longer answer." The advocate wanted to teach the heavenly court about Israel, but when he became silent, the Holy One, blessed be He, said to him, "Michael has become silent, and you are not teaching merit and advocacy for my children. I am speaking on their behalf, for I am speaking of their righteousness and their salvation," as it is said (Isaiah 45:21), "I speak the truth; I declare what is right." And in what righteousness? Rabbi Pinchas, Rabbi Elazar, and Rabbi Yochanan said, one of them said, "In the righteousness that you did with me and received the Torah, for if not for it, I would have destroyed you," and one said, "In the reward that you did and received the Torah, for if not for it, I would have destroyed the world and returned it to chaos and emptiness," as it is said (Jeremiah 33:25), "If not for My covenant day and night." (Daniel 12:1) "And at that time shall your people escape, every one that shall be found written in the book. By whose merit? By the merit of Joseph. Why does God look at them all and not see Joseph? Because Joseph did not listen to his mistress, as it is said (Genesis 39:9) "How then can I do this great wickedness, and sin against God?" And how do we know that they are called after Joseph? As it is said (Amos 5:15) "Perhaps the Lord, the God of hosts, will be gracious to the remnant of Joseph." Rabbi Samuel bar Nahmani said that it is because of their relationship to him, as it is said (Isaiah 43:7) "Everyone who is called by My name." Rabbi Levi said it is because of the word [used in the text], as it is written here (Daniel 12:1) "And at that time shall your people escape" and it is written there (Joshua 5:9) "And the Lord said to Joshua: 'This day have I rolled away the reproach of Egypt from off you'"