다니엘 7:25의 인용 해설

Sefer Daniel presents numbers and terms indicating the expected arrival time of Mashiach. The phrase “Idan, Idanim UFelag Idan” of Daniel Perek 7 Pasuk 25 might refer to three and a half “idans” or eras. Daniel 8:14 refers to the number 2,300 without mentioning whether they are days, weeks, months or years. Daniel 12:12 refers to the number 1,335. Many use these numbers as a basis to calculate the Keitz, Mashiach’s estimated time of arrival.

It is said in Daniel [7:25] concerning the fourth beast: “He will speak words against the Most High,” that is, he will say words that can not conceivably be said: “these are my words.”¹⁴⁸This would seem to be Christianity’s appropriation of Jewish scripture. There has been considerable censorship of the manuscript in the following lines. “And he will harass the holy ones of the Most High” [Dan. 7:25]: Israel. This is the meaning of “in the presence of the vengeful foe” [Ps. 44:17]. “He will think of changing times and laws” [7:25]: in their interpretation and to change the law. “And they will be delivered into his hands for time, times and half a time” [Dan. 7:25]: that is to say that redemption will not come to Israel until “time, times and half a time.” As it is said: “the beast was killed … its body was destroyed and it was consigned to the flames” [Dan. 7:11]. It is written afterwards: “As I looked on in the night vision,”
One like a human being
Came with the clouds of heaven …
Dominion, glory, and kingship were given to him
All peoples and nations of every language must
serve him [Dan. 7:13–14].

Before we try to explain why the Mefarshim make these calculations, let us review the basics of the respective views. Rashi and Abarbanel focus on the phrase “Idan, Idanin, UFelag Idan” of Daniel Perek 7 Pasuk 25. This phrase expresses the time we must wait until the final redemption. Rashi understands this phrase to mean one and a half eras after the cessation of bringing the Korban Tamid in the second Beit HaMikdash, which occurred in 64 C.E. (based on Daniel 12:8-13).

ואשר לא צדה AND IF A MAN LIE NOT IN WAIT — i. e. if he did not lie in ambush for him (the person whom he killed), nor did he premeditate the blow (Makkot 7b).

צדה is a term denoting “lying in wait”; similarly it says, (I Samuel 24:12) “yet thou liest in wait (צדה) for my soul to take it”. It is, however, not correct to say that צדה is of the same derivation as, (Genesis 27:34) הצד ציד “he that hath hunted (הצד) venison”, for a ה has no place in the verbal forms of the term denoting “hunting beasts”. Then again, the noun form of the latter is צַיִד and that of the former צְדִיָה, whilst the participle of the verb “lying in wait” is צוֹדֶה and that of the other is צָד. I therefore say that its meaning is as the Targum gives it: “and if he did not lie in ambush for him”. Menachem ben Seruk placed it in the same section as הצד ציד (i. e. he held that the root is צד and that it has the meaning of “hunting”), but I do not agree with him. If it is to be placed in one of the sections of צד we had better place it in the same section as, (Isaiah 66:12) על צד תנשאו “ye shall be borne upon her side (צד)” and (I Samuel 20:20) “and I will shoot [three arrows] on the side thereof (צדה)”, and (Daniel 7:25) “and he shall speak towards the side of (against) the Most High”. Thus, here, the words אשד לא צדה could be taken to mean, “he did not turn aside (צִדֵּד)” to seek some side (occasion) for killing him. But there are objections even to this explanation. At any rate, even if it be connected with צד in this sense, it would still have the meaning “lying in wait”.