민수기 25:5의 인용 해설

According to the plain meaning of the text the meaning of this “sanctity” is that the land lie fallow, untouched by human hands for the entire seventh year. Man should not plough it, sow it, reap it, etc. This is the meaning of verses 3-4: “you shall sow the land for six years, and for six years you shall prune your vineyard and gather in its crop; but the seventh year shall be a complete rest for the land, a Sabbath for the Lord. Your field you shall not sow and your vineyard you shall not prune.” You are not even to harvest (in the regular way) what grows by itself during that year. This is the meaning of verse 5: “the aftergrowth (that which grows without ploughing and sowing) of your harvest you shall not reap and the untrimmed grapes of your vineyard you shall not pick.” The word ספיח in verse 5 is similar to the word ונספחו in Isaiah 14,1 “and they will join the house of Yaakov” (the proselytes). Similarly, the vineyard which has not been worked or hoed and not pruned is called נזיר, (like the Nazirite who does not trim his hair) as one abstains from working it a if it did not belong to you. The general principle governing the rules of conduct during the Shemittah year is that all the activities which suggest ownership of the field or vineyard in question have to be avoided. Any fruit of produce which grows on the field or vineyard during that year is ownerless, available on a “first come first served” basis. The legislation is meant to remind us that even during the years when we treat the land as ours, protected by all kinds of laws against infringement by people who do not own it, the land is really only on loan to us from G’d.

According to the plain meaning of the text the reason underlying these whole procedures is the concern with the property of the deceased, preventing both it and his widow from passing to some other hands outside the family seeing the deceased left no heirs. This is why the Torah added: “so that she shall not become the wife of someone from the outside, a strange man.” (verse 5) The Torah presumes to know the mind of the deceased who would have wanted one of his brothers to take control of his estate and his widow rather than that they pass into the hands of strangers.
The reason for the procedure called חליצה, a device enabling the widow to remarry if none of her brothers-in-law is prepared to preserve the soul of their departed brother by marrying her, is that as long as one of the surviving brothers is willing to enter into the yibum relationship with her, the deceased brother is not truly considered as having died, seeing there is someone willing to perpetuate the seed of the deceased. The moment that there is no surviving brother willing to do this, the deceased is truly considered as dead and one has to mourn him. This is why the widow removes the shoe from her brother-in-law, a traditional sign of mourning.

פן תכרות ברית, the Torah immediately explains that the reason why entering into contractual relationships with the inhabitants of the land of Canaan is a non starter, is that once you do that the way is open for them to corrupt you by one of two means; either they will woo your sons to marry their daughters or vice versa. It is only the most elementary courtesy then that they invite you to partake in their festive meals (animals offered to their deities) You will not resist such invitations because you do not want to offend the women whom you love. The truth of this was amply demonstrated even with women who did not live in the land of Canaan in Numbers 22,5.

But the children rebelled against Me The tribe of Dan, and likewise those who became attached to Baal Peor after the generation of the wilderness had died out.

גאלת עולם [THE LEVITES SHALL HAVE] THE RIGHT OF REDEMPTION AT ANY TIME — This means that they (Levites) may redeem at once — even before the end of two years — if they sold a field of those fields which had been given to them within the two thousand cubits round about the cities (cf. Numbers 25:5) (whilst an ordinary Israelite’s field must remain at least two years in the hand of the purchaser), or if they sold “a house in a city which has a wall” they may redeem it at any time and it does not become irredeemable at the end of one year (as is the case with such houses belonging to Israelites; cf. v. 30) (Arakhin 33b).