시편 105:1의 인용 해설

וידעתם כי אני ה', “so that you will realise that I am Hashem.” Not only for a brief period of time, but throughout the generations. The lessons learned from what happened in Egypt to the Egyptians served the people of Israel for hundreds of years as a reminder of G’d’s power. Even the Gentile nations were impressed and accepted the lesson. We find this reflected in Samuel I 6,6: (after the ark had been captured by the Philistines but had spread disease and disaster in their land the priests of the Philistines speaking to their countrymen) “Do not harden your hearts as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts. As you know, when He made a mockery of them, they had to let Israel go and they departed.”
It is possible to explain the word התעללתי, as being derived from עילה, cause, pretext. Most actions performed in this terrestrial world are described as עלילות. We refer you to Psalms 105,1 הודיעו בעמים עלילותיו, “acquaint the nations with His deeds.” We have a similar meaning of the word in Samuel I 2,3 (Chanah speaking) כי א-ל דעות ה' ולא(ו) נתכנו עלילות, “for the Lord is an all-knowing G’d; by Him actions are measured.” Onkelos also translates our verse here in this manner writing ית נסין די עבידת במצרים, “the miracles You performed in Egypt.” David also refers to G’d’s deeds as עלילות in Psalms 66,5 “who is held in awe by men for His acts.” The reason that G’d’s activities are referred to by a word which hints at עילה is that He is the prime Cause of everything which transpires. All His actions have been inspired by His original planning when He created the universe and man.

and to make mention and to give thanks and to praise “To make mention” means to recite those two psalms in which it is written (Ps. 38, 70): “A song of David to mention”; “and to thank” [means to recite] (ibid. 105): “Give thanks to the Lord, call out in His name”; “and to praise,” [by reciting] those psalms starting with “Hallelujah.”

Give thanks to the Lord for He is good, for His loving-kindness exists forever This verse (34) is not a conclusion of the Psalm (96) but [a continuation] of Psalm (105): “Give thanks to the Lord, call out in His Name.” The verse (35): “And say, save us, etc.” is from the Psalm (106). And this Psalm (106) commences with this verse (in Chron.). Now is it appropriate here, “And say, etc. and save us from the nations,” for when were they exiled in David’s time, that he should say, “and save us from among the nations”? And this is the arrangement in Psalms. Psalm (105) commences: “Give thanks to the Lord, call out in His name,” and it concludes only with “Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, etc.” until “Amen! Hallelujah,” for it is all one topic, but because it is a long psalm, it was divided, and it commences, “Give thanks to the Lord for He is good.” Similarly, Job, when he had to lengthen his reply, he shortened it and divided it in two, and it says, (Job 29:1): “And Job again took up his parable,” for in song, because of his ecstasies of joy, he could not speak at length; so he divided it in two. And so, in the matter of lamentation, because of his intense pain he could not speak at length, and he divided it in two, because both song and lamentation are uttered similarly. When Hannah came to pray in the forecourt, Eli thought her to be a drunken woman, because he thought that she acted in that manner because of wine, but she said, (I Sam. 1:15f.): “... and neither new wine nor old wine have I drunk, etc., for out of the abundance of my complaint and my vexation....” From here we learn that drunken people and those suffering from pain behave in the same manner.

And say, “Save us At the end of the Psalm (106:42), which speaks about captivity: “And their foes oppressed them, and they were humbled under their hand,” it is written thereafter, (ibid. verse 46): “And He caused them to be pitied by their captors.” Now, it is appropriate to say, “Save us, O Lord our God, and gather us from the nations,” as You have done to them. In Psalms, it does not say, “And say, save us” but only, “Save us,” because that is the appropriate wording. For the following reason, David recited these two psalms when he brought the Ark: It is explained in Genesis Rabbah (54:4): “since the cows, when they sang, recited these two psalms.” Rabbi Samuel the son of Nahmani said: (I Sam. 6:12): ‘And the cows sang.’ What song did they sing? ‘Give thanks to the Lord, call out in His name.’ Rabbi Eleazar says: ‘Sing to the Lord, all the earth, etc.’” Therefore, David instituted them to recite them before the Ark, one psalm in the morning and one psalm in the evening. Quoted from Rabbi Eleazar the son of Meshullam of blessed memory.