וְחַתּ֥וּ גִבּוֹרֶ֖יךָ תֵּימָ֑ן לְמַ֧עַן יִכָּֽרֶת־אִ֛ישׁ מֵהַ֥ר עֵשָׂ֖ו מִקָּֽטֶל׃
드만아 네 용사들이 놀랄 것이라 이로 인하여 에서의 산의 거민이 살륙을 당하여 다 멸절되리라
Tosafot
What?
Paran is located in Ishmaelite territory (Genesis 21). Our Gemara connects it to Habakkuk 3:3 ("The Holy One from Mount Paran"). The Gemara doesn't say "Teiman" because it's in Seir (Obadiah 1:19). But why cite Habakkuk when "Paran" is also mentioned in "V'zos Habracha"? Perhaps because "V'zos Habracha" is interpreted as in Bava Kamma 38a, where Paran refers to Mount Sinai, one of its five names (Shabbos 89a). Rabbi Elazar argues that the reading "What did He want in Seir, what did He want in Teiman?" is perfectly acceptable. "Teiman" isn't a nation's name but rather means "south," like in Song of Songs. The Sifri on "V'zos Habracha" explains that God revealed Himself from all four directions ("God comes from Teiman"—Habakkuk 3:3). This necessitates the Gemara's citation of Habakkuk.
Paran is located in Ishmaelite territory (Genesis 21). Our Gemara connects it to Habakkuk 3:3 ("The Holy One from Mount Paran"). The Gemara doesn't say "Teiman" because it's in Seir (Obadiah 1:19). But why cite Habakkuk when "Paran" is also mentioned in "V'zos Habracha"? Perhaps because "V'zos Habracha" is interpreted as in Bava Kamma 38a, where Paran refers to Mount Sinai, one of its five names (Shabbos 89a). Rabbi Elazar argues that the reading "What did He want in Seir, what did He want in Teiman?" is perfectly acceptable. "Teiman" isn't a nation's name but rather means "south," like in Song of Songs. The Sifri on "V'zos Habracha" explains that God revealed Himself from all four directions ("God comes from Teiman"—Habakkuk 3:3). This necessitates the Gemara's citation of Habakkuk.
Ramban
AND THESE ARE THE KINGS THAT REIGNED IN THE LAND OF EDOM. This was written in order to relate that the blessing of Isaac was fulfilled in Esau. He had said to him, And by thy sword shalt thou live,304Above, 27:40. and they prevailed over the sons of Se’ir the Horite and reigned over them in their land. These cities mentioned here were provinces in the land of Edom, for Bozrah305Verse 33 here. belonged to Edom, as it is written, For the Eternal hath a sacrifice in Bozrah, and a great slaughter in the land of Edom.306Isaiah 34:6. Similarly, the land of the Temanites,307Verse 34 here. is also of Edom, as it is said concerning it, And thy mighty men, O Teman, shall be dismayed, to the end that every one may be cut off from the mount of Esau,308Obadiah 1:9. as are all the cities mentioned here. Scripture, however, relates that these kings did not succeed their fathers, as was the case in Israel.
The expression, Before there reigned any king, means “many years before.” But before there reigned any king does not mean that these kingdoms of Edom continued to exist until the kingdom of Israel. Instead, it means to say that at that time the Edomites will not have sovereignty, in order to fulfill Isaac’s words, and thou shalt serve thy brother.304Above, 27:40. It is possible that all these kings had already passed away in the days of Moses309Ramban here implies that the expression before there reigned any king, refers to Moses. This coincides with the opinion of Ibn Ezra expressed in his commentary on Verse 31. as they were old when they crowned them, and their lives were not prolonged.
The expression, Before there reigned any king, means “many years before.” But before there reigned any king does not mean that these kingdoms of Edom continued to exist until the kingdom of Israel. Instead, it means to say that at that time the Edomites will not have sovereignty, in order to fulfill Isaac’s words, and thou shalt serve thy brother.304Above, 27:40. It is possible that all these kings had already passed away in the days of Moses309Ramban here implies that the expression before there reigned any king, refers to Moses. This coincides with the opinion of Ibn Ezra expressed in his commentary on Verse 31. as they were old when they crowned them, and their lives were not prolonged.