신명기 11:14 관련 구절

If somebody makes a vow to abstain from vegetables, would he be permited dried ones? Let us hear from the following: “He is forbidden fresh Egyptian beans and permitted dried ones.” He mentioned only Egyptian beans, a kind which has a threshing floor¹⁵I. e., Egyptian beans are separated from their hulls and stored in quantity. A contract for delivery of Egyptian beans requires delivery of dried ones. A vegetable is permitted in dry form only if that dry form is traded as a separate kind.. Therefore, anything which has no threshing floor is forbidden even if dried. ¹⁶Tosephta 4:3. If somebody makes a vow to abstain from bulbous plants¹⁷This translation follows S. Lieberman, Tosefta ki-f shutaḥ Nedarim, p. 455. he is forbidden green melon¹⁸Cf. Kilaim 1:2, Notes 38–39., squash, water melon, sweet melon¹⁸Cf. Kilaim 1:2, Notes 38–39. and all tree fruits. If somebody makes a vow to abstain from sheep meat, he is permitted lambs, pidgeon chicks¹⁹These have nothing to do with sheep; pigeons are only mentioned for inclusion in the next clause., and milk²⁰Sheep’s milk.. But if he said, which grew this year, he is forbidden all of these. ²¹Tosephta 4:3, Babli Yoma 76b. If somebody makes a vow to abstain from cider, he is forbidden everything sweet and permitted wine. That is, following those who say that vows are interpreted in the vernacular²²R. Joḥanan, Halakhah 6:1; everybody’s opinion in the Babli, Yoma 76b. It seems that in Mishnaic times, the sweetness of the cider was the determinig factor.. But following those who say, vows are interpreted in biblical Hebrew²³R. Joshiah, Halakhah 6:1., the Torah used “cider” as an expression for wine; “your cider”²⁴Deut. 12:17, 14:23, 18:4., that is wine.

Why does one read these two sections every day? Rebbi Simon says because they mention lying down and getting up. Rebbi Levi said, because the Ten Commandments are contained in them²⁰⁵Since Rebbi Levi depends heavily on the third section of Shema‘, he cannot agree that in the evening one should recite only two sections. In the Babli (Berakhot 12b), the third section of Shema‘ is singled out for its importance because five of the Ten Commandments are alluded to in it.. “I am the Eternal, your God.” - “Hear²⁰⁶As R. Shelomo ben Adrat (Rashba) points out, שמע can mean “hear, understand, or accept.”, o Israel, The Eternal, our God.” “You should not have any other gods before me.” - “The Eternal is One.” “Do not take the name of the Eternal, your God, in vain.” - “You must love the Eternal, your God.” He who loves the king will not swear in his name and lie. “Remember the Sabbath day to sanctify it.” - “So that you shall remember;” Rebbi said: that is the commandment of Sabbath which is as important as all other commandments of the Torah together, as it is written (Neh. 9:14): “You informed them about Your Sabbath, commandments, laws, and Torah you commanded them, …” to show that it is as important as the other commandments of the Torah²⁰⁷Since the Sabbath alone is given a parallel status to “Torah” in this verse.. “Honor your father and mother” - “So that your days and the days of your children should increase.²⁰⁸This promise is connected with honoring father and mother in the Ten Commandments of Deuteronomy.” “Do not murder” - “You will soon be lost.” He who kills will be killed. “Do not commit adultery” - “Do not stray after your hearts and after your eyes.” Rebbi Levi said: heart and eye are the two agents of sin. It is written (Prov. 23:26) “My son, give Me your heart; your eyes should watch My ways.” The Holy One, Praise to Him, says: If you give me your heart and eyes I know that you are mine²⁰⁹The connection seems to be from the following verse: “Because a dark ditch is the harlot and a source of trouble the strange woman.”. “Do not steal” - “You shall harvest your grain,” not your neighbor’s grain²¹⁰This contradicts the opinion of the Babli, Sanhedrin 86a, that the Ten commandments forbid kidknapping, a capital crime like murder and adultery. The Babli’s opinion is found also in Mekhilta deR. Ismael (Jithro 5), which possibly was edited in the Academy of Rav in Babylonia. The same attitude as here, that all stealing is prohibited, is found in Mekhilta deR. Simeon bar Yoḥai, p. 153.” “Do not testify against your neighbor as a false witness,” - “I am the Lord, your God.” And it is written (Jer. 10:10) “But the Lord is the God of truth.” What is truth? Rebbi Abun said: that (Jer. 10:10) “He is God of life and king of the world.” Rebbi Levi said: The Holy One, praise to Him, said, if you gave false testimony against your neighbor, I count that against you as if you gave testimony against Me that I did not create heaven and earth²¹¹This argument is the base of Rashi’s commentary on Berakhot 14b, on the statement that one is required to end the recitation of Shema‘ with “the Eternal is the God of truth.” Rabbi Abun (Rabin) was a younger contemporary of R. Levi.. “Do not covet your neighbor’s house” - “You shall write them on the doorposts of your house,” your house and not your neighbor’s house.