신명기 6:5 관련 구절

Why does one read these two sections every day? Rebbi Simon says because they mention lying down and getting up. Rebbi Levi said, because the Ten Commandments are contained in them²⁰⁵Since Rebbi Levi depends heavily on the third section of Shema‘, he cannot agree that in the evening one should recite only two sections. In the Babli (Berakhot 12b), the third section of Shema‘ is singled out for its importance because five of the Ten Commandments are alluded to in it.. “I am the Eternal, your God.” - “Hear²⁰⁶As R. Shelomo ben Adrat (Rashba) points out, שמע can mean “hear, understand, or accept.”, o Israel, The Eternal, our God.” “You should not have any other gods before me.” - “The Eternal is One.” “Do not take the name of the Eternal, your God, in vain.” - “You must love the Eternal, your God.” He who loves the king will not swear in his name and lie. “Remember the Sabbath day to sanctify it.” - “So that you shall remember;” Rebbi said: that is the commandment of Sabbath which is as important as all other commandments of the Torah together, as it is written (Neh. 9:14): “You informed them about Your Sabbath, commandments, laws, and Torah you commanded them, …” to show that it is as important as the other commandments of the Torah²⁰⁷Since the Sabbath alone is given a parallel status to “Torah” in this verse.. “Honor your father and mother” - “So that your days and the days of your children should increase.²⁰⁸This promise is connected with honoring father and mother in the Ten Commandments of Deuteronomy.” “Do not murder” - “You will soon be lost.” He who kills will be killed. “Do not commit adultery” - “Do not stray after your hearts and after your eyes.” Rebbi Levi said: heart and eye are the two agents of sin. It is written (Prov. 23:26) “My son, give Me your heart; your eyes should watch My ways.” The Holy One, Praise to Him, says: If you give me your heart and eyes I know that you are mine²⁰⁹The connection seems to be from the following verse: “Because a dark ditch is the harlot and a source of trouble the strange woman.”. “Do not steal” - “You shall harvest your grain,” not your neighbor’s grain²¹⁰This contradicts the opinion of the Babli, Sanhedrin 86a, that the Ten commandments forbid kidknapping, a capital crime like murder and adultery. The Babli’s opinion is found also in Mekhilta deR. Ismael (Jithro 5), which possibly was edited in the Academy of Rav in Babylonia. The same attitude as here, that all stealing is prohibited, is found in Mekhilta deR. Simeon bar Yoḥai, p. 153.” “Do not testify against your neighbor as a false witness,” - “I am the Lord, your God.” And it is written (Jer. 10:10) “But the Lord is the God of truth.” What is truth? Rebbi Abun said: that (Jer. 10:10) “He is God of life and king of the world.” Rebbi Levi said: The Holy One, praise to Him, said, if you gave false testimony against your neighbor, I count that against you as if you gave testimony against Me that I did not create heaven and earth²¹¹This argument is the base of Rashi’s commentary on Berakhot 14b, on the statement that one is required to end the recitation of Shema‘ with “the Eternal is the God of truth.” Rabbi Abun (Rabin) was a younger contemporary of R. Levi.. “Do not covet your neighbor’s house” - “You shall write them on the doorposts of your house,” your house and not your neighbor’s house.

Neḥemiah from Emmaus²⁵³In Babylonian sources, Naḥum from Gimzo (Shevuöt 26a) or Neḥemiah from Emmaus (Pesaḥim 22b) was the teacher of Rebbi Aqiva; Naḥum is also quoted as teacher in Yerushalmi sources (Bereshit rabba 22, 53) but in a very critical sense. Hence, it seems that Naḥum was the developer of a rudimentary method of explaining the Torah by looking at expressions that mean inclusions or exclusions, that the method was made satisfactory only by R. Aqiba, and that Neḥemia was R. Aqiba’s student. (The tradition of the name in Pesaḥim 22b is doubtful.)
The method of inclusions and exclusions is much more general than the limited use made here in identifying particles which have extending or limiting character; its use is always called “the method of R. Aqiba”, in contrast to the “method of R. Ismael”, which is based on generalities and specifications. served Rebbi Aqiba for 20 years and he taught him “את and גם mean additions, אך and רק mean exclusions²⁵⁴The particles denoting exclusion are רַק “only”, אַךְ “but only”. Those denoting inclusion are גַּם “also”, and אֶת, which either is the particle of the accusative or means “and”. In R. Aqiba’s theory, all accusative particles also have the meaning of “and.” This is not original with him; in the Greek translation of Aquila, a student of Rebbis Eliezer and Joshua, every את is translated as καί “and”, whether it makes sense or not. In the verse in question, it is the accusative participle used as “and” that seems to result in a meaning unacceptable to pure monotheism..” He asked him: What means that which is written (Deut. 6:13) “את the Eternal, your God, you must fear.” He said to him, Him and His Torah²²⁵A geothermal bath, as in Tiberias..