신명기 4:15의 탈무드
וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּ֥ם מְאֹ֖ד לְנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֣י לֹ֤א רְאִיתֶם֙ כָּל־תְּמוּנָ֔ה בְּי֗וֹם דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה אֲלֵיכֶ֛ם בְּחֹרֵ֖ב מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵֽשׁ׃
여호와께서 호렙 산 화염 중에서 너희에게 말씀하시던 날에 너희가 아무 형상도 보지 못하였은즉 너희는 깊이 삼가라
Jerusalem Talmud Bava Kamma
MISHNAH: He who hits another61The meaning of this sentence is not clear. ‘Arukh: He blows his horn into the victim’s ear. Rashi quotes the Arukh and adds his teacher’s explanation: He hit him on his ear. Maimonides in his Mishnah Commentary: He hit him with his fist. In his Code (חובל ומזיק 9:3): He hit him with his flat hand. pays him a tetradrachma62The word סלע used in both Talmudim for tetradrachma is not the Hebrew “rock” but the Sumerian silà used in Accadic as the unit of volume (1/300 of a gur, כּוֹר).; Rebbi Jehudah says in the name of Rebbi Yose the Galilean, a mina63100 denarii.. If he slapped him, he pays 200 zuz64Accadic zūzum, from זוז “to split”, the half-šeqel piece, identified with the Roman denarius. The possession of 200 zuz disqualifies its holder from receiving public assistance (Mishnah Peah 8:8); it is a considerable sum., with the back of his hand he gives him 400 zuz. If he hurt him on his earlobe, tore out some of his hair, spat on him and the spit touched him, removed his stole, uncovered a woman’s hair65A married woman will indicate her status by having her hair covered in public. In the Babli and some Mishnah mss. it is stated explicitly “uncovered a woman’s hair in public”., he pays 400 zuz; everything corresponding to his honor66The sums stated in the Mishnah are maxima, applicable to the highest levels of society; the court may lower them in appropriate cases..
Rebbi Aqiba said, even the poorest in Israel are treated as aristocrats who lost their property67He disagrees with the last statement of the preceding Mishnah; the sums mentioned are mandatory in all cases., for they are descendents of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. In a case where somebody uncovered a woman’s hair, she came before Rebbi Aqiba who obligated him to pay her 400 zuz. He said to him, Rabbi, give me some time, which he did. He watched her at the entrance of her courtyard and broke a flask before her which contained an as worth of oil68A very small amount.. She uncovered her hair, splashed her hand with the oil and worked it onto her head. He had her observed by witnesses and came before Rebbi Aqiba, telling him, to such a one69Who uncovers herself for a very small gain. I have to give 400 zuz? He told him, you did not say anything since a person who injures himself, while he is not allowed to do that70Gen. 9:5, Deut. 4:15., is not liable, but others who injure him are liable; a person who cuts down his fruit trees, while he is not allowed to do that71Deut. 20:19; Ševi‘it 4:10, Notes 109–110., is not liable, but others who cut down his fruit trees are.
Rebbi Aqiba said, even the poorest in Israel are treated as aristocrats who lost their property67He disagrees with the last statement of the preceding Mishnah; the sums mentioned are mandatory in all cases., for they are descendents of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. In a case where somebody uncovered a woman’s hair, she came before Rebbi Aqiba who obligated him to pay her 400 zuz. He said to him, Rabbi, give me some time, which he did. He watched her at the entrance of her courtyard and broke a flask before her which contained an as worth of oil68A very small amount.. She uncovered her hair, splashed her hand with the oil and worked it onto her head. He had her observed by witnesses and came before Rebbi Aqiba, telling him, to such a one69Who uncovers herself for a very small gain. I have to give 400 zuz? He told him, you did not say anything since a person who injures himself, while he is not allowed to do that70Gen. 9:5, Deut. 4:15., is not liable, but others who injure him are liable; a person who cuts down his fruit trees, while he is not allowed to do that71Deut. 20:19; Ševi‘it 4:10, Notes 109–110., is not liable, but others who cut down his fruit trees are.
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