이사야 5:20의 토세프타

Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai says, once murderers proliferated, they abolished the [ritual of] breaking the heifer's neck (Sot. 9:9), because there is no [need to perform the ritual of] breaking the heifer's neck except in a case of doubt. Nowadays, killings have proliferated out in the open. When adulterers proliferated, they abolished the [ritual of] the bitter waters, for there is no need for the bitter waters except in a case of doubt. Nowadays, there is already an increase in those who are seen [engaging in sexual relations] out in the open. Once bribe-takers proliferated, burning anger came into the world, and honor of the Torah ceased to exist. Once those who whispered surreptitiously (i.e., to influence the judges) in the Beit Din proliferated, the deeds became twisted and the laws became corrupted and the Shekhinah departed from Israel. Once those who looked upon the faces [of litigants] proliferated, the verse (Deut. 1:17) "You shall not regard faces in judgment ... You shall not fear any man [for judgment]" [was fulfilled], and they removed from themselves the yoke of Heaven, and crowned themselves with a yoke of flesh and blood. Once those who force merchandise onto [private] homeowners (i.e., forcing them into being their agents or customers) proliferated, bribery and perversion of justice proliferated, and they (i.e., the Jewish nation) were in the rear and not in the vanguard, and about them it is said, as with the sons of Samuel (1 Sam. 8:3), "His sons did not follow in his ways, etc.," and so too they took bribes and justice was perverted. § Once those who draw out their spittle (i.e., to show arrogance (see Sot. 47b:19 (Steinsaltz)) proliferated, the number of students decreased, and honor for the Torah ceased. Once profit-seekers proliferated (Is. 5:20), "Those who call evil good and good evil" proliferated as well. Once those who call evil good and good evil proliferated, the world became filled with "Woe! Woe!" (ibid.). Once haughty people proliferated, the daughters of Israel began marrying those haughty people, because in our generations, they do not look beyond the surface. Once those with "heads thrown back and roving eyes" (Is. 3:16) proliferated, the [administration of the] bitter waters proliferated, but they were sealed up (i.e., as stated byRabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai above). Once boastfulness of the heart proliferated, disagreement (machloket) proliferated in Israel, and they are the spillers of blood. Once the students of Shammai and of Hillel proliferated, who did not attend [to their masters' teachings] with all their ability, disagreement proliferated in Israel, and the Torah was made into two Torahs. Once those who collect charity from idolaters proliferated, the idolaters lowered themselves and Israelites raised themselves, so to speak (i e., it was actually the opposite), and there is never any respite for Israel.