Komentarz do Powtórzonego Prawa 25:2
וְהָיָ֛ה אִם־בִּ֥ן הַכּ֖וֹת הָרָשָׁ֑ע וְהִפִּיל֤וֹ הַשֹּׁפֵט֙ וְהִכָּ֣הוּ לְפָנָ֔יו כְּדֵ֥י רִשְׁעָת֖וֹ בְּמִסְפָּֽר׃
To jeżeliby zasłużył na skarcenie winny, niech go każe położyć sędzia, i każe bić w obecności swojej, odpowiednio do winy jego, pod liczbą;
Rashi on Deuteronomy
והפילו השפט AND THE JUDGE SHALL CAUSE HIM TO FALL DOWN — This teaches that one is not lashed whilst standing or sitting but only when bending (Makkot 22b).
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Sforno on Deuteronomy
והפילו השופט, he will stretch him out on the post. [The lashes are not applied when the victim is standing upright, but when he is at least inclined. (Makkot 22) Ed.]
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Or HaChaim on Deuteronomy
אם בן הכות הרשע, "if the person found guilty (the wicked one) is convicted he is to receive 39 lashes, etc." The reason the Torah wrote the word בן with the vowel chirik instead of the customary vowel segol is that he who administers the lashes must evaluate if the victim is physically able to absorb these lashes without injury. In the event that the health of the individual in question cannot absorb the normal number of lashes, i.e. that he is not ben hakkot, he receives only as many lashes as are compatible with maintaining his level of health (compare Makkot 22).
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