Liturgy do Rodzaju 2:26

Source of all energy and power! Who could possibly duplicate Your mighty works? You constructed chambers above the cold waters,¹⁹See Tehillim 104:3, Bereishis Rabbah 4:1. The construction of the heavens is described by the commentators to Tehillim 104:3, and in Bereishis Rabbah. On the second day of creation, Hashem established the sky within the waters which subsequently separated the upper waters from the lower waters. Above the upper waters, a “ceiling” or “roof” was placed. This is the meaning of the verse. (See Metsudah, Radak, ibid.). and placed the globe in space.²⁰Job 27:7; the original word, as it appears in Job, is the verb “תּוֹלֶה” meaning “to suspend.” When the world was filled with total darkness²¹The three words חשֶׁךְ-צַלְמָוֶת-עֵיפָה are found in Job 10:21—22 and are all expressions for darkness (See Malbim ibid.). You wrapped yourself in Your garment,²²Tehillim 18:29. The creation of light is so described in Bereishis Rabbah 3:4. radiating with morning light. You divided the impetuous waters with an awesome, crystal-like sky;²³Yechezkel 1:22. and gathered them into the depths so they would not cover the dry land.²⁴Tehillim 104:9. You uncovered the surface of the earth,²⁵Bereishis 1:11—12. The phraseology is based upon Tehillim 88:13, Shir Hashirim 6:11. and brought forth vegetation. You planted a garden in the East for those who praise you.²⁶Bereishis 2:8. This refers to the righteous who will occupy Gan Eden in the World to Come. Great luminaries You placed in the sky²⁷This refers to the sun and the moon. The phraseology is based upon Tehillim 150:1. along with host of stars and constellations; which You commanded [to illuminate the world]. An abundance of swimming creatures [fish]²⁸Yeshaya 25:11. and flying creatures [birds etc.]²⁹Devorim 28:49. You created from the palm of Your hand³⁰Yeshaya 40:12.; and the Leviathan which You reserved for the feast of Torah scholars.³¹This feast will be in the World to Come. The Livyoson is discussed in detail in Pirkei D’Rabbi Eliezer 9. The congealed ground brought forth insects and animals; the wild-ox dwelling in swamps and reeds You reserved for the meal of the righteous.³²Vayikra Rabbah 24:10. The Midrash relates that this wild ox will be served to the righteous in the World to Come. You prepared food and drink even before there was anyone to feast.³³Since Adam was not created until the sixth day, everything in the world was already prepared for him. You then formed man from clay in the likeness of Your image and breathed into him a pure soul from your “Zevul.”³⁴The Talmud, Maseches Chagigah (12a) describes זְבוּל (Zevul) as being one of the seven heavens. You caused him to sleep, and from his side You fashioned a helpmate for him.³⁵Bereishis 2:20—22. This refers to the creation of Chavah, Eve, the first woman, who was created from Adam’s side. You commanded him not to eat from the tree of knowledge. He foolishly violated Your command, because he was enticed by the snake. He was punished that only by the sweat of his brow would he gain his sustenance. Woman [was punished] with painful childbirth and the cunning [snake] would forever eat dirt. You congealed his [Adam's] seed in the womb of she [Eve] who desired him. She became pregnant and gave birth to a farmer and a shepherd.³⁶This refers to Kayin and Hevel, see Bereishis 4:2. They brought You a sacrifice and a gift.³⁷The verse seems to imply that both Kayin and Hevel brought gifts and sacrifices, but in Bereishis 4:3,4 it is clear that Kayin brought vegetables and Hevel brought sheep as sacrifices. You were angered with that of the oldest, but pleased with the offering of the youngest.³⁸Bereishis 4:45. Without mercy, he [Cain] killed Abel³⁹Bereishis 4:8. The phraseology is adapted from Amos 1:11. He pleaded for Your forgiveness, and You set a saving mark upon him.⁴⁰Bereishis 4:15. Hashem inscribed a letter from His Name upon Kayin’s forehead. (Rashi) At the third generation of man,⁴¹This refers to the generation of Chanoch. See Bereishis 4:26. people began to worship You through idols.⁴²See Sifri Devorim 43; the use of the expression “worshipped You through idols” is elaborated upon in detail in the Rambam’s Mishnah Torah at the beginning of the Laws of Idolatry (Avodah Zarah). The dreaded flood waters, You summoned, and they were drowned and destroyed. An arrogant generation erred and dared tell You to go away.⁴³This refers to the generation of the flood. Midrash Tanchumah (Bereishis 12) says that during this generation there lived a race of giants who worshipped the sun and the moon, and subsequently told Hashem to “go away.” They were tossed about by the boiling water; they were burned and scalded.⁴⁴The Talmud, Maseches Rosh Hashanah (12a) says that the generation of the flood was destroyed by a flood of boiling water. The Midrash Vayikra Rabbah 7:6 states that this punishment corresponded to their sin of pride and arrogance. Noah, who was commanded to build an ark, an ark of gopher-wood, was delivered when You enclosed him within.⁴⁵Bereishis 6:14, Bereishis 7:16. The Torah says that Hashem closed the door of the ark after Noach entered. His sons, You made fruitful and they filled the face of the earth. A united people conspired to build a tower unto the heavens.⁴⁶This refers to the Dor Hahaphlaga the “generation of division” which built the Migdal Bavel, the “Tower of Bavel.” Being of one language, they were united in speech and hence, subsequently, in conspiracy (Bereishis 11:1). They were entrapped by their evil action, and were scattered about the earth⁴⁷Bereishis 11:8. as if by a violent wind. Your loved one [Avraham]⁴⁸Yeshaya 41:8. who came “across the river,”⁴⁹The word עִבְרִי “Ivri” refers to the fact that Avraham came from the other side of the river. made famous Your Name in the world.⁵⁰See Bereishis 12:8 and the commentary of Ibn Ezra (ibid). The son of his old age, [Yitzchak] he offered to You in sacrifice. Like a perfect, unblemished lamb Yaakov was chosen; he who was without blemish.⁵¹In Bereishis 25:27, Yaakov is called תָּם “Tam” which Rashi interprets as denoting “equal in tongue and heart.” He desired to sit in tents⁵²This refers to the period when Yaakov studied in the Yeshivos of Shem and Aver (See Rashi ibid.). and followed you. Righteous children You brought forth from him, all of whom stayed true to their heritage, none ever deviating. To serve You, You desired Levi, Your pious one.⁵³Devorim 33:8. After the sin of the golden calf, Hashem chose the tribe of Levi to serve inthe Tabernacle because they did not participate in the sin. From his tribe, You chose one [Aharon] to be Your holiest;⁵⁴This refers to Aharon and his sons who came from the tribe of Levi and were chosen to become the priests. to wear the holy mitre and the Urim VeTumim,⁵⁵Vayikra 8:8—9. These were worn by the High Priest during his service. and to dwell inside the Tabernacle for seven days.⁵⁶Before the final consecration of the Tabernacle in the wilderness, the priests were confined to the Tabernacle for seven days during which time they offered sacrifices each day to become initiated into the priesthood. Upholders of the Jewish faith, [The Sanhedrin], a week before the tenth day [of Tishrei], secluded the High Priest as was done in the seven days after the completion of the Mishkan.⁵⁷Maseches Yoma, Mishnah 1:1; This law is derived from the seven days of consecration of the Mishkan during which time Aharon and his sons stayed inside of the Mishkan, see Talmud 2:9,b. The High Priest was confined to a special chamber called ‘lishkas phalhedrin’ (ibid. 2a). They sprinkled upon him water mixed with the ashes of red heifers⁵⁸Maseches Yoma, 4a, 8a. According to the Mishnah (in Para ch. 3:11), from each red heifer which was burnt, from the time of Moshe, one third of its ashes were stored away, and some of the ashes from each were used to sprinkle over the High Priest. The Rambam (1:4) states that the sprinkling took place on the third and seventh day of confinement as a precaution lest the priest had been made impure upon contact with a dead body. in order to purify him. [Each of the seven days] he sprinkled the blood of the daily sacrifices, burned the incense⁵⁹Maseches Yoma Mishnah 14a. The incense was burned twice daily, in the morning and in the afternoon. According to the Rambam the order was: sprinkling, cleaning out five wicks, burning the morning incense, then cleaning out the remaining two wicks. [upon the golden altar in the Sanctuary,] and cleaned away the ashes, [from the wicks of the Menorah], [he did these things] to acquaint himself with the daily service.⁶⁰This was because the entire service on Yom Kippur was performed exclusively by the High Priest. See Rambam (Ch. 1:2,5). As it was written in Your Torah: As it was done on this day, Adonoy commanded that it be done to atone for you.

Source of all energy and power! Who could possibly duplicate Your mighty works? You constructed chambers above the cold waters,¹⁹See Tehillim 104:3, Bereishis Rabbah 4:1. The construction of the heavens is described by the commentators to Tehillim 104:3, and in Bereishis Rabbah. On the second day of creation, Hashem established the sky within the waters which subsequently separated the upper waters from the lower waters. Above the upper waters, a “ceiling” or “roof” was placed. This is the meaning of the verse. (See Metsudah, Radak, ibid.). and placed the globe in space.²⁰Job 27:7; the original word, as it appears in Job, is the verb “תּוֹלֶה” meaning “to suspend.” When the world was filled with total darkness²¹The three words חשֶׁךְ-צַלְמָוֶת-עֵיפָה are found in Job 10:21—22 and are all expressions for darkness (See Malbim ibid.). You wrapped yourself in Your garment,²²Tehillim 18:29. The creation of light is so described in Bereishis Rabbah 3:4. radiating with morning light. You divided the impetuous waters with an awesome, crystal-like sky;²³Yechezkel 1:22. and gathered them into the depths so they would not cover the dry land.²⁴Tehillim 104:9. You uncovered the surface of the earth,²⁵Bereishis 1:11—12. The phraseology is based upon Tehillim 88:13, Shir Hashirim 6:11. and brought forth vegetation. You planted a garden in the East for those who praise you.²⁶Bereishis 2:8. This refers to the righteous who will occupy Gan Eden in the World to Come. Great luminaries You placed in the sky²⁷This refers to the sun and the moon. The phraseology is based upon Tehillim 150:1. along with host of stars and constellations; which You commanded [to illuminate the world]. An abundance of swimming creatures [fish]²⁸Yeshaya 25:11. and flying creatures [birds etc.]²⁹Devorim 28:49. You created from the palm of Your hand³⁰Yeshaya 40:12.; and the Leviathan which You reserved for the feast of Torah scholars.³¹This feast will be in the World to Come. The Livyoson is discussed in detail in Pirkei D’Rabbi Eliezer 9. The congealed ground brought forth insects and animals; the wild-ox dwelling in swamps and reeds You reserved for the meal of the righteous.³²Vayikra Rabbah 24:10. The Midrash relates that this wild ox will be served to the righteous in the World to Come. You prepared food and drink even before there was anyone to feast.³³Since Adam was not created until the sixth day, everything in the world was already prepared for him. You then formed man from clay in the likeness of Your image and breathed into him a pure soul from your “Zevul.”³⁴The Talmud, Maseches Chagigah (12a) describes זְבוּל (Zevul) as being one of the seven heavens. You caused him to sleep, and from his side You fashioned a helpmate for him.³⁵Bereishis 2:20—22. This refers to the creation of Chavah, Eve, the first woman, who was created from Adam’s side. You commanded him not to eat from the tree of knowledge. He foolishly violated Your command, because he was enticed by the snake. He was punished that only by the sweat of his brow would he gain his sustenance. Woman [was punished] with painful childbirth and the cunning [snake] would forever eat dirt. You congealed his [Adam's] seed in the womb of she [Eve] who desired him. She became pregnant and gave birth to a farmer and a shepherd.³⁶This refers to Kayin and Hevel, see Bereishis 4:2. They brought You a sacrifice and a gift.³⁷The verse seems to imply that both Kayin and Hevel brought gifts and sacrifices, but in Bereishis 4:3,4 it is clear that Kayin brought vegetables and Hevel brought sheep as sacrifices. You were angered with that of the oldest, but pleased with the offering of the youngest.³⁸Bereishis 4:45. Without mercy, he [Cain] killed Abel³⁹Bereishis 4:8. The phraseology is adapted from Amos 1:11. He pleaded for Your forgiveness, and You set a saving mark upon him.⁴⁰Bereishis 4:15. Hashem inscribed a letter from His Name upon Kayin’s forehead. (Rashi) At the third generation of man,⁴¹This refers to the generation of Chanoch. See Bereishis 4:26. people began to worship You through idols.⁴²See Sifri Devorim 43; the use of the expression “worshipped You through idols” is elaborated upon in detail in the Rambam’s Mishnah Torah at the beginning of the Laws of Idolatry (Avodah Zarah). The dreaded flood waters, You summoned, and they were drowned and destroyed. An arrogant generation erred and dared tell You to go away.⁴³This refers to the generation of the flood. Midrash Tanchumah (Bereishis 12) says that during this generation there lived a race of giants who worshipped the sun and the moon, and subsequently told Hashem to “go away.” They were tossed about by the boiling water; they were burned and scalded.⁴⁴The Talmud, Maseches Rosh Hashanah (12a) says that the generation of the flood was destroyed by a flood of boiling water. The Midrash Vayikra Rabbah 7:6 states that this punishment corresponded to their sin of pride and arrogance. Noah, who was commanded to build an ark, an ark of gopher-wood, was delivered when You enclosed him within.⁴⁵Bereishis 6:14, Bereishis 7:16. The Torah says that Hashem closed the door of the ark after Noach entered. His sons, You made fruitful and they filled the face of the earth. A united people conspired to build a tower unto the heavens.⁴⁶This refers to the Dor Hahaphlaga the “generation of division” which built the Migdal Bavel, the “Tower of Bavel.” Being of one language, they were united in speech and hence, subsequently, in conspiracy (Bereishis 11:1). They were entrapped by their evil action, and were scattered about the earth⁴⁷Bereishis 11:8. as if by a violent wind. Your loved one [Avraham]⁴⁸Yeshaya 41:8. who came “across the river,”⁴⁹The word עִבְרִי “Ivri” refers to the fact that Avraham came from the other side of the river. made famous Your Name in the world.⁵⁰See Bereishis 12:8 and the commentary of Ibn Ezra (ibid). The son of his old age, [Yitzchak] he offered to You in sacrifice. Like a perfect, unblemished lamb Yaakov was chosen; he who was without blemish.⁵¹In Bereishis 25:27, Yaakov is called תָּם “Tam” which Rashi interprets as denoting “equal in tongue and heart.” He desired to sit in tents⁵²This refers to the period when Yaakov studied in the Yeshivos of Shem and Aver (See Rashi ibid.). and followed you. Righteous children You brought forth from him, all of whom stayed true to their heritage, none ever deviating. To serve You, You desired Levi, Your pious one.⁵³Devorim 33:8. After the sin of the golden calf, Hashem chose the tribe of Levi to serve inthe Tabernacle because they did not participate in the sin. From his tribe, You chose one [Aharon] to be Your holiest;⁵⁴This refers to Aharon and his sons who came from the tribe of Levi and were chosen to become the priests. to wear the holy mitre and the Urim VeTumim,⁵⁵Vayikra 8:8—9. These were worn by the High Priest during his service. and to dwell inside the Tabernacle for seven days.⁵⁶Before the final consecration of the Tabernacle in the wilderness, the priests were confined to the Tabernacle for seven days during which time they offered sacrifices each day to become initiated into the priesthood. Upholders of the Jewish faith, [The Sanhedrin], a week before the tenth day [of Tishrei], secluded the High Priest as was done in the seven days after the completion of the Mishkan.⁵⁷Maseches Yoma, Mishnah 1:1; This law is derived from the seven days of consecration of the Mishkan during which time Aharon and his sons stayed inside of the Mishkan, see Talmud 2:9,b. The High Priest was confined to a special chamber called ‘lishkas phalhedrin’ (ibid. 2a). They sprinkled upon him water mixed with the ashes of red heifers⁵⁸Maseches Yoma, 4a, 8a. According to the Mishnah (in Para ch. 3:11), from each red heifer which was burnt, from the time of Moshe, one third of its ashes were stored away, and some of the ashes from each were used to sprinkle over the High Priest. The Rambam (1:4) states that the sprinkling took place on the third and seventh day of confinement as a precaution lest the priest had been made impure upon contact with a dead body. in order to purify him. [Each of the seven days] he sprinkled the blood of the daily sacrifices, burned the incense⁵⁹Maseches Yoma Mishnah 14a. The incense was burned twice daily, in the morning and in the afternoon. According to the Rambam the order was: sprinkling, cleaning out five wicks, burning the morning incense, then cleaning out the remaining two wicks. [upon the golden altar in the Sanctuary,] and cleaned away the ashes, [from the wicks of the Menorah], [he did these things] to acquaint himself with the daily service.⁶⁰This was because the entire service on Yom Kippur was performed exclusively by the High Priest. See Rambam (Ch. 1:2,5). As it was written in Your Torah: As it was done on this day, Adonoy commanded that it be done to atone for you.

Made at the end, and planned from the start

Whoever sanctifies the seventh day as befits it, Whoever preserves the Sabbath properly so as not to desecrate it— his reward is very great, commensurate with his actions; each man in his camp, each man with his banner.²⁴Numbers 1:52. Lovers of Adonoy, who yearn for the building of the Temple— on the Sabbath day be happy and rejoice, as if receiving the gift of God's inheritance. Also raise your hands in holiness and say to the Almighty: “Blessed is Adonoy Who granted rest to His people Israel.”²⁵1 Kings 8:56 Seekers of Adonoy, seed of Avrohom, His beloved, who delay departing from the Sabbath and rush to welcome it; who rejoice in preserving it and to place its eiruv²⁶An eiruv is the food which must be placed before the Shabbos in order to enable one to carry from one private domain into another. Without an eiruv the Sages forbade this carrying. An eiruv is also used to enable a person to walk beyond the 2,000-cubit Shabbos boundary. “This is the day Adonoy has made let us exult and rejoice in it.”²⁷Psalms 118:24. Remember the Torah of Moses, which states the Sabbath commandment²⁸Perfect observance of the Torah’s command to keep the Shabbos is impossible without the expositions of the Talmud, commentaries, and codes.—Etz Yosef engraved for the seventh day like a bride adorned amid her friends.²⁹The commandment of the Shabbos was engraved on the two tablets God gave Moses. As the fourth of the Ten Statements, it is surrounded by its sister-mitzvos. Pure ones inherit it and sanctify it with the words, “All that He had made”³⁰Genesis 1:31. — “And God completed by the seventh day, His work that He had done.”³¹Genesis 2:2. It is a holy day, from arrival till departure; all the seed of Jacob honor it according to the King's word and decree— to rest on it and to rejoice with the pleasure of food and drink— “The entire congregation of Israel will do it.”³²Exodus 12:47. Extend Your kindness to those who know You, Almighty, jealous and vengeful. Those who keep the seventh day, “Recall” and “Preserve,”³³There are two Scriptural versions of the Ten Commandments. The commandment of the Shabbos in Exodus 20 begins with the word זָכוֹר , recall, and in Deuteronomy 5 it begins with the word שָׁמוֹר , preserve.—Etz Yosef to fulfill, grant them joy with rebuilt Jerusalem;³⁴The proper observance of the Shabbos brings the ultimate redemption and the rebuilding of Jerusalem.—Siach Yitzchak and with the light of Your countenance, make them radiant. “Let them be sated from the abundance of Your House, and from the stream of Your delights give them drink.”³⁵Psalms 36:9. Help those who abstain on the seventh day— from plowing and harvesting, [may You help them] always. Those who walk on it with short strides and feast on it [eating three meals] in order to bless [You] three times— may their righteousness shine like the light of the seven days.³⁶When God created the world, He created a brilliant light that lasted only during the seven days of creation. God preserved it for the righteous to enjoy in the World to Come.—Etz Yosef “Adonoy, God of Israel, [grant] perfect love Adonoy, God of Israel [grant] eternal deliverance.”

Rest and joy, a light for the Jews.³⁷The joy that radiates from a Jewish face on Shabbos is brighter than on any other day.—Siach Yitzchok It is a day of rest, a day of delights; its preservers and its recallers—³⁸See note 10 to כָּל מְקַדֵּשׁ . they bear witness that in six [days], all was created: and it still exists. Heavens above the skies, earth, and seas, all the hosts of heaven high and exalted; sea monsters, and man, and mighty beasts— for with the letters yud and hey Adonoy, created worlds.³⁹Isaiah 26:4; See Rashi to Genesis 2:4. He is the One Who told His treasured people— Be careful to sanctify it from arrival till departure— the holy Sabbath, day of His delight, for on it the Almighty abstained from all His work.⁴⁰Genesis 2:2. Through the command of the Sabbath the Almighty will strengthen you. Arise, call out to Him— He will hasten to strengthen you— [Recite] “Soul of all living,”⁴¹See page 000. and also “We proclaim Your might.”⁴²See page 000. Eat with joy, for He has already accepted you favorably.⁴³Koheleth 9:7. With double loaves and a great Kiddush, with abundant delicacies and generous spirit, they will merit much good— those who delight in it— with the coming of the Redeemer in the life in the World-to-Come.

Rest and joy, a light for the Jews.³⁷The joy that radiates from a Jewish face on Shabbos is brighter than on any other day.—Siach Yitzchok It is a day of rest, a day of delights; its preservers and its recallers—³⁸See note 10 to כָּל מְקַדֵּשׁ . they bear witness that in six [days], all was created: and it still exists. Heavens above the skies, earth, and seas, all the hosts of heaven high and exalted; sea monsters, and man, and mighty beasts— for with the letters yud and hey Adonoy, created worlds.³⁹Isaiah 26:4; See Rashi to Genesis 2:4. He is the One Who told His treasured people— Be careful to sanctify it from arrival till departure— the holy Sabbath, day of His delight, for on it the Almighty abstained from all His work.⁴⁰Genesis 2:2. Through the command of the Sabbath the Almighty will strengthen you. Arise, call out to Him— He will hasten to strengthen you— [Recite] “Soul of all living,”⁴¹See page 000. and also “We proclaim Your might.”⁴²See page 000. Eat with joy, for He has already accepted you favorably.⁴³Koheleth 9:7. With double loaves and a great Kiddush, with abundant delicacies and generous spirit, they will merit much good— those who delight in it— with the coming of the Redeemer in the life in the World-to-Come.

Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, who creates the fruit of the vine.

Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, who has chosen us from all peoples and has raised us above all tongues and has sanctified us with His commandments. And You have given us, Lord our God, [Sabbaths for rest], appointed times for happiness, holidays and special times for joy, [this Sabbath day, and] this Festival of Matsot, our season of freedom [in love] a holy convocation in memory of the Exodus from Egypt. For You have chosen us and sanctified us above all peoples. In Your gracious love, You granted us Your [holy Sabbath, and] special times for happiness and joy.

Adonoy, created worlds.³⁹Isaiah 26:4; See Rashi to Genesis 2:4.

It reassures, with its drops, those in whom was blown the breath [of life],⁷See Genesis 2:7. The final touch of Adam’s creation is described with the words, “And [God] breathed into his nostrils the breath of life.”

for those who praise you.²⁶Bereishis 2:8. This refers to the righteous who will occupy Gan Eden in the World to Come.

from all His work.⁴⁰Genesis 2:2.

those in whom was blown the breath [of life],⁷See Genesis 2:7. The final touch of Adam’s creation is described with the words, “And [God] breathed into his nostrils the breath of life.”

His work that He had done.”³¹Genesis 2:2.

You fashioned a helpmate for him.³⁵Bereishis 2:20—22. This refers to the creation of Chavah, Eve, the first woman, who was created from Adam’s side.

Praise God! He builds levels in the heavens¹²Amos 9:4. Radak explains that this refers to the nine celestial spheres which surround the earth and, thereby, constitute the heavens. and waters the mountains with clouds¹³Tehillim 104:13. Radak explains that this verse is based upon Bereishis 2:6, “And a cloud arose from the land and watered the ground below.” He provided a remembrance for his miracles¹⁴Tehillim 111:4. The phrase, as it appears in Tehillim, refers to remembrances of the miracles performed during the exodus from Egypt, (the specific remembrance is, however, disputed. Rashi says that it refers to the holidays and Sabbath). In this piyut, however, it might have a more general connotation. and counts all the actions of men.¹⁵I Shmuel, 2:3. Therefore will He be exalted He constructed a roof above the waters above the sky.¹⁶Tehillim 104:3. The construction of the heavens is described by the commentators to Tehillim 104:3 and Bereishis Rabbah. On the second day of creation, Hashem established the sky within the waters which subsequently separated the “upper waters” from the “lower waters.” Above the upper waters which lie above the sky, a ceiling or roof was placed.

and waters the mountains with clouds¹³Tehillim 104:13. Radak explains that this verse is based upon Bereishis 2:6, “And a cloud arose from the land and watered the ground below.”