Hebrajska Biblia
Hebrajska Biblia

Midrasz do Rodzaju 44:20

וַנֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֔י יֶשׁ־לָ֙נוּ֙ אָ֣ב זָקֵ֔ן וְיֶ֥לֶד זְקֻנִ֖ים קָטָ֑ן וְאָחִ֨יו מֵ֜ת וַיִּוָּתֵ֨ר ה֧וּא לְבַדּ֛וֹ לְאִמּ֖וֹ וְאָבִ֥יו אֲהֵבֽוֹ׃

I odpowiedzieliśmy panu naszemu: Mamy ojca starego, i chłopię starości młode; brat zaś jego umarł, a został sam po matce swojej, a ojciec jego pokochał go. 

Ein Yaakov (Glick Edition)

(Fol. 30) Abaye said: "The word Asson (accident) is used in connection with human accidents (Ex. 21, 22), and also in connection with Heavenly accidents (Gen. 44, 20); i.e., just as the word Asson used in connection with human accidents stands for the acquittal of pecuniary compensations, so also does the word Asson, used in connection with Heavenly accidents stand for acquittal of pecuniary compensations." R. Adda b. Ahaha raised the following objection: "Whence do you know that Jacob warned his sons concerning cold and heat, which are the consequences of Heavenly accidents" [Hence infer your theory,] perhaps his (Jacob's) warning was against lions and thieves, which are the consequence of human accidents? [Hence you have no inference.] Did then Jacob confine his warning against this and not against that? Jacob surely warned them against everything. [Hence the inference is understood.] And is then cold and heat the consequence of Heavenly acts? Behold, we are taught that everything is in the power of Heaven (comes through no human fault) except [sickness due to] cold and heat, as it is said (Pr. 22, 5) Thorns and snares are in the way of the froward; he that keepeth his soul holdeth himself far from them. And again a lion and thieves are then the consequence of human acts? Behold R. Joseph said, and so was also R. Chiya taught: "Since the Temple was destroyed, although the court of the Sanhedrin has ceased, nevertheless the punishment of four kinds of death described in the Scriptures did did not cease." How can you say that it has not ceased when we see that they are indeed abolished? We must therefore say that it refers to the Divine Judgment taking the place of the form of capital punishment has not ceased; for he who is liable to be stoned finds his death by falling down from a roof or by being trodden down by a wild beast, which equals stoning; he who is liable to be burned finds likewise his death by fire or by the bite of a snake; he who is liable to be slain by the sword falls either into the hand of the government, [where he is slain,] or [he meets his death] by murderers; and he who ought to be hung finds his death either by drowning in the river, or by diphtheria. [Hence a murderer is not liable to the bite of a snake?] We must therefore reverse the above; namely, the accidents of lions or thieves are the result of Heaven, while cold and heat are the results due to human neglect.
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