Talmud do Wyjścia 16:23

HALAKHAH: “If the holiday falls on a Friday,” etc. It is written⁵Ex. 16:23. The simple translation of the verse would be: Bake what you want to bake, and cook what you want to cook., what you baked bake, and what you cooked cook. Rebbi Eliezer says, one bakes on the basis of the baked, and one cooks on the basis of the cooked⁶Mekhilta dR. Ismael Beshallaḥ Wayassa` Parashah 4. Babli 15b; partially Mekhilta dR. Simeon ben Yoḥai p. 113.
As explained later, the argument presupposes that the basic rules of the Sabbath had not been explained on the occasion of the Manna but earlier at Mara where it is said (Ex. 15:25): There He gave him law and rules and there He tried him (Babli Sanhedrin 56b). In that case the rules given on the first Sabbath with the manna may apply to a special case, which is interpreted that of a holiday falling on aFriday, and R. Eliezer reads the verse as “if you baked for the Sabbath before the holiday, you may bake on the holiday for the Sabbath; if you cooked for the Sabbath before the holiday, you may cook on the holiday for the Sabbath;” explaining the position of the House of Shammai. R. Joshua, the exponent of the House of Hillel, reads, “if either you baked or cooked for the Sabbath before the start of the holiday, you may bake or cook on the holiday for the Sabbath.”. Rebbi Joshua says, one bakes and cooks on the basis of the cooked. What is the reason of Rebbi Eliezer? What you baked bake, and what you cooked cook. What is the reason of Rebbi Joshua? What you will bake and what you will cook cook. Rebbi Eliezer⁷Either “R. Eliezer” is a misreading for “R. Eleazar” (the Amora) or, more likely, a word is missing and one has to understand “the argument of R. Eliezer (and R. Joshua) presupposes that the rules of the Sabbath were given at Mara.” said, this follows him who said that the Sabbath was given at Mara. But following him who said that at Alush⁸Which according to Num. 33:13 was the station just preceding Rephidim which in Ex. is mentioned as the next resting place after the introduction of the manna. the Sabbath was given, they are at Alush and the warning is given at Alush⁹If Ex. 16:23 is the first explanation of the rules of the Sabbath, it must refer to a common Sabbath and not the rare case of a Sabbath preceded by a holiday. In that case the verse must be read as in Note 3.. Come and look, from the Torah it is forbidden and an eruv tavshilin makes it permitted¹⁰If one accepts that the rules of the Sabbath were given at Alush one is forced to accept that one may not prepare on any day something for a day of lesser holiness, but may prepare for a day of greater holiness. Then by biblical standards one is forbidden on a holiday to prepare for a weekday but is permitted to prepare for the Sabbath, and the requirement of an eruv tavshilin is a restriction, not a leniency. Babli Pesaḥim 46b.? Rebbi Abbahu said, it would be logical that one should bake and cook on the holiday for the Sabbath¹¹The eruv tavshilin is a rabbinic “fence around the Law.”. If you would say so, one would bake and cook on the holiday for a weekday¹²Mishnah Šabbat 15:3. An action permitted on the Sabbath itself then cannot be forbidden in preparation for the Sabbath.. Come and look, one makes the beds on the holiday for the Sabbath, but one does not bake and cook on the holiday for the Sabbath. Rebbi Ila said, why may one make the beds on the holiday for the Sabbath? Since one may make the beds on Friday night for the Sabbath day¹³Since it is not obvious that preparing food on the holiday for the Sabbath is permitted, the institution of the eruv tavshilin is justified.. Could one bake and cook on the holiday for the Sabbath? One may not bake and cook on the night of the Sabbath for the Sabbath day¹²Mishnah Šabbat 15:3. An action permitted on the Sabbath itself then cannot be forbidden in preparation for the Sabbath..