Talmud do Wyjścia 16:31

MISHNAH: The easy ones for demay²The definition of demay is given in the Introduction. The “easy ones” are those to which the laws of demay do not apply and which may be bought from any source without separating heave or tithe. are shitin³S. Lieberman has convincingly argued that שיתין is a contraction of שחיתין “garbage fruit” in the Galilean dialect which had no ח sound (compare Peah 2:5, Note 86.) It will be explained that these are figs growing under the leaves. Since figs need much sun to ripen, normally figs grow on top of the leaves, exposed to the sun. Those growing under the leaves remain hard and inedible at harvest time and are not usually harvested. Hence, these figs are to be considered abandoned property after the harvest and are not subject to any laws of heave and tithes., lotus fruit⁴Definition of Maimonides, Arabic אַלנַבַּק. In some Mishnah and Tosephta manuscripts the reading is דימין and Caftor Waperach, ed. Luncz, Jerusalem 1899, p. 526, notes that in Falastini Arabic the fruit is called אַלדוּם., the fruit of the service tree, white figs⁵Identification of R. Joḥanan in the Babli (Berakhot 40b)., and sycamore figs, fallen dates⁶Either fallen because they are rotten or wormy inside or knocked down by a windstorm., fennel⁷See later, Note 55; cf. I. Löw, Flora der Juden 3, p. 462. Maimonides declares it to be “a relative of dill.” The Arukh declares it to be wild grapes, Italian lambrusco. This follows the Babli (Berakhot 40b) which defines it to be grapes that ripen only after the harvest., and capers⁸Concurrent definition of Arukh (cappero) and Maimonides. This refers to the fruit only.. Also in Judea sumac, vinegar, and coriander. Rebbi Jehudah says, all shitin are free except those from a tree bearing fruit twice a year, all lotus fruit are free except lotus fruit from Shiqmanah⁹Identified as a village Sycaminon at the foot of Mt. Carmel, South of Haifa., and all sycamore fruits are free except those cracked open¹⁰Cracked open while still on the tree, they will become sweet enough to qualify as human food. The others are only considered animal fodder. The sweetness of cracked sycamores was already noted by Pliny, Naturalis Historia, Book XIII, §56. In all these instances, R. Jehudah insists that the fruits do not grow wild and/or are not abandoned..