וְהַיָּמִ֞ים אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֣כְנוּ ׀ מִקָּדֵ֣שׁ בַּרְנֵ֗עַ עַ֤ד אֲשֶׁר־עָבַ֙רְנוּ֙ אֶת־נַ֣חַל זֶ֔רֶד שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנֶ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה עַד־תֹּ֨ם כָּל־הַדּ֜וֹר אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ מִקֶּ֣רֶב הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר נִשְׁבַּ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה לָהֶֽם׃
E os dias que caminhamos desde Kadesh-Barne'a até atravessarmos o vale de Zered foram trinta e oito anos, até que toda a geração dos homens aptos para a guerra fosse eliminada do meio do acampamento, conforme Yehovah havia jurado a eles.
Chizkuni
והימים אשר הלכנו מקדש ברנע, “and the number of years it took us to walk from Kadesh Barnea to the Wadi Zered were 38 years.” Not all of these years were spent walking, of course, but the total period including the encampments was 38 years, until the last of the men of military ages at the time of the Exodus had died. The reason why the river Zered is named here is that it was the first of several rivers the Israelites crossed on their march north.
Rashbam
והימים אשר הלכנו מקדש ברנע, from the place from which the spies had been sent out, 38 years had elapsed, seeing that the spies had been sent out in the second year after the Exodus.
Rav Hirsch
V. 14. אנשי המלחמה, diejenigen, welche zur Zeit der Kundschaftersendung das kriegsfähige Alter hatten, die demzufolge bei der damals bereits beabsichtigten Besitznahme des Landes hätten tätig sein sollen, aus gottvergessenem Kleinmut jedoch vor dieser Aufgabe zurückgeschreckt waren.