Deuteronômio 24:19 Comentário: Rashi, Chizkuni, Ibn Ezra & Rabbeinu Bahya

כִּ֣י תִקְצֹר֩ קְצִֽירְךָ֨ בְשָׂדֶ֜ךָ וְשָֽׁכַחְתָּ֧ עֹ֣מֶר בַּשָּׂדֶ֗ה לֹ֤א תָשׁוּב֙ לְקַחְתּ֔וֹ לַגֵּ֛ר לַיָּת֥וֹם וְלָאַלְמָנָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֑ה לְמַ֤עַן יְבָרֶכְךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּכֹ֖ל מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָדֶֽיךָ׃

Quando colheres a tua colheita no campo e esqueceres um feixe no campo, não voltarás para buscá-lo; será para o convertido, o órfão e a viúva, para que Yehovah teu Elohim te abençoe em todo trabalho de tuas mãos. {ס}

Rashi

ושכחת עמר [WHEN THOU REAPEST THY HARVEST IN THY FIELD] AND HAST FORGOT A SHEAF … [THOU SHALT NOT RETURN TO TAKE IT] — a sheaf, but not a stack of corn (Sifrei Devarim 283:1). Hence they (the Rabbis) said, “A sheaf that contains two Seahs of grain which one has forgotten in the field, does not come under the term of שכחה (a forgotten sheaf)” (Mishnah Peah 6:6).
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Chizkuni

לגר, ליתום, ולאלמנה יהיה, למען יברכך ה, “(these sheaves the owner appears to have forgotten) are rightfully the stranger’s, the orphan’s and the widow’s, in order that the Lord will bless you (also in the future).” You will not be deprived of anything by not going back to pick up what you left behind by mistake.
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Ibn Ezra

in order that He will bless you for you gave of what you only imagine to be yours; but God will give to you of that which is truly His.
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Rashi

בשדה [AND HAST FORGOT …] IN THE FIELD — This apparently redundant word (it has just stated בשדך) is intended to include under this law forgotten “standing corn” (קמה) — that one has forgotten to cut down part of it (Sifrei Devarim 283:2).
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Rashi

לא תשוב לקחתו THOU SHALT NOT GO BACK TO TAKE IT — Hence they (the Rabbis) said: A sheaf that is behind him is considered as שכחה, that which is in front of him is not considered שכחה, for the expression “thou shalt not go back [to take it]” is not applicable to it (Mishnah Peah 6:4; Bava Metzia 11a).
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