Comentário sobre Êxodo 15:19

כי בא סוס פרעה means WHEN [THE HORSES] CAME.

FOR THE HORSES OF PHARAOH WENT IN WITH HIS CHARIOTS AND WITH HIS HORSEMEN. Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra said that this verse is also part of the Song, for Moses and the children of Israel were singing and saying: For the horses of Pharaoh went in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and the Eternal brought back the waters of the sea upon them while the children of Israel were walking on dry land in the midst of the sea, this being a miracle within a miracle.²³²For when the horses of Pharaoh went in, etc., He brought the waters upon them, and at the same time, the children of Israel walked on dry land.
But this verse is not written in the style of the Song, nor is it in the style of prophecies! [Therefore, Ibn Ezra’s interpretation is not correct.] Instead, the verse is to be interpreted [as dating the Song]: Then sang Moses — when the horses of Pharaoh went in. Immediately on that day — not the following day or at some later time — [he sang this Song]. It may be that the sense thereof is as follows: Then Moses sang, when the horses of Pharaoh went into the sea and G-d brought back the waters of the sea upon them while the children of Israel were yet walking on dry land in the midst of it. Thus the verse relates that they said the Song while they were walking in the midst of the sea on dry land. Scripture further tells²³³Verses 20-21. that it was then that Miriam the prophetess took the timbrel in hand and sang them the first verse of the Song that they, [i.e., the women], should sing after Moses and Israel.

כי בא סוס פרעה, the opening words of this song,אז ישיר משה had been inspired by the spectacle of Pharaoh with his chariot, his horses and its riders drowning in the sea at the time when the Israelites, by contrast, were taking their time walking through the same sea on dry ground. ביבשה בתוך הים, they began the song of thanksgiving even before all had emerged from the sea to the shore.

כי בא סוס פרעה, and He tossed them into the sea הלכו בתוך הים ביבשה, after the Israelites had crossed the sea on dry ground

כי בא סוס פרעה, “for when Pharaoh’s cavalry came, etc.” Ibn Ezra claims that this verse is still part of Moses’ victory song of praise to the Lord, and that the whole people sang this verse with him also. Nachmanides claims that this is not correct, for it is not styled in the poetic manner the previous verses have been styled, and it does not contain any element of prophesy. He also claims that Moses had composed and sung the Shirah on the same day as the Israelites had emerged from the sea bed, and that he had not waited until the day following. [He seems to imply that according to Ibn Ezra the song was composed on the day after the miracle. Ed.] According to Nachmanides the words:אז ישיר משה לבני ישראל כי בא סוס פרעה וו' need to be understood as one sentence, the poem being inserted between these two halves of one verse. Alternatively, “after Pharaoh and all his army had drowned in the sea while the Israelites were still marching on the bed of the dried out sea, Moses already began this song.” Accordingly, upon hearing this, Miriam immediately took the drum, etc, and continued leading the women in song.

כי בא סוס פרעה, “for Pharaoh’s cavalry came, etc.” The Torah now goes back to the beginning of the שירה as if the opening line had read אז ישיר משה ובני ישראל את השירה הזאת כאשר בא סוס פרעה ברכבו ובפרשיו בים, “then Moses and the Children of Israel sang a song when Pharaoh, his cavalry, and its riders went into the sea and G’d brought the waters of the sea upon them whereas the Israelites walked on dry ground.” The verse teaches that the Israelites sang the song while still crossing.

When it came. The verses mean as follows: Because Pharaoh’s horse came into the sea, therefore Miriam took the drum. And this is what Rashi means: When it came, Miriam then took. (Nachalas Yaakov)

V. 19 schließt dem Liede das Gedächtnis des Ereignisses an, aus welchem es hervorgegangen. Alles: Gottes Macht über politische Gewalt, Gottes Macht über physische Gewalt, Gottes rettende, leitende, führende und pflanzende Liebe, Israels Gott dienende und verherrlichende Bestimmung, und die mit diesem Eingriff in die Geschichte beginnende Herrschaft Gottes über die ganze Erde, alles ist aus der Tatsache erschaut, daß Pharaos Roß usw. כי בא וגו׳.

כי בא סוס פרעה, “when Pharaoh’s horse entered the sea and G-d brought back the waters of the sea upon them, while the Israelites continued to walk on a completely dry sea bed, Miriam, the prophetess, sister of Aaron, took her drum and began to sing a song of thanksgiving.