Levítico 23:42 Comentário: Rashi, Ramban, Rashbam & Tur HaArokh

האזרח THE NATIVE — Since this word means native-born, the word בישראל, ANYONE IN ISRAEL, serves to include the proselytes (cf. Sifra, Emor, Chapter 17 9).

ALL ‘HA’EZRACH’ (THAT ARE NATIVE) IN ISRAEL SHALL DWELL IN BOOTHS. “Ezrach means native-born. Ha’ezrach [literally: ‘the’ native-born], this is to exclude women [from the obligation of dwelling in the booth, since the definite article denotes an exclusion. It was necessary that this exclusion be stated] so that you should not deduce from a similarity of expressions of the fifteenth day stated with reference to the Festival of Unleavened Bread,⁴⁸⁶Above, Verse 6. that women are obliged to dwell in a booth just as they are obliged to eat unleavened bread [on the night of Passover]. In Israel, this includes proselytes” [that they are obliged to dwell in a booth]. This is Rashi’s language. And in the Torath Kohanim it is stated:⁴⁸⁷Torath Kohanim, Emor 17:9. “Ezrach, this is the native-born. Ha’ezrach, this is intended to exclude women. ‘All’ that are home-born, this is to include the proselytes and liberated slaves.” And in line with the plain meaning of Scripture, by way of tradition [there is no need for a special source in Scripture here to include proselytes]. For since Scripture has stated, ye shall have one law,⁴⁸⁸Numbers 15:29. both for the stranger, and for him that is born in the Land,⁴⁸⁹Ibid., 9:14. and it is further said, as ye are, so shall the stranger be before the Eternal,⁴⁹⁰Ibid., 15:15. there is no need to mention again in every place: “all that are native-born and the stranger.” Therefore He says all that are native in Israel, meaning all who are of Israel, from the greatest of them even to the least of them,⁴⁹¹Jonah 3:5. [to teach] that it is not sufficient that one of a household should dwell in a booth and the rest dwell in homes, but they should all dwell in booths. It is possible that the verse [uses the word ezrach] to teach that all who are like a leafy tree in its native soil⁴⁹²Psalms 37:35. in their homes [are obliged to dwell in booths], except for those who are on a sea voyage, and those who travel on the road [who are exempt from dwelling in a booth].

כל האזרח, even those who own houses must move to the huts and dwell in them during the festival.