Comentário sobre Números 21:30
וַנִּירָ֛ם אָבַ֥ד חֶשְׁבּ֖וֹן עַד־דִּיב֑וֹן וַנַּשִּׁ֣ים עַד־נֹ֔פַח אֲשֶׁ֖רׄ עַד־מֵֽידְבָֽא׃
Nós os asseteamos; Hesbom está destruída até Dibom, e os assolamos até Nofá, que se estende até Medeba.
Rashi on Numbers
ונירם means their sovreignty.
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Sforno on Numbers
ונירם אבד, and what will be his domain he will lose seeing that after said מושלים, visionaries had predicted his rise to great power they had continued by revealing that they also foresaw his defeat at the hands of the Israelites.
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Rashbam on Numbers
ונירם, they were driven from their places. The word is similar to נחרם, they were banished. The construction is parallel to נטה and ונט. The word is derived from the root ירה, hence וניר, “vanir.” The vocalisation of vanirom means the same as if the Torah had written vanireym. We find a similar construction in Isaiah 56,3 yavdilani, which is the same as yavdileyni. Also in Exodus 14,11 lehotziani is the same as lehotzieyni. If we were to follow Onkelos’ translation, the vocalisation should have been veniram instead of vaniram.
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Rabbeinu Bahya
ונירם, “When we overthrew them.” Moses describes that as soon as we overthrew the Emorites in Cheshbon and thereabouts the country was lost, first as far as from Chesbon to Divon, eventually destroying whole country including Nofach-Meydva.
Alternatively, ונירם is from the root ניר meaning "their kingdom", i.e. the kingdom of Cheshbon was lost.
Alternatively, ונירם is from the root ניר meaning "their kingdom", i.e. the kingdom of Cheshbon was lost.
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Siftei Chakhamim
As far as Divon. Rashi explains that עד ["as far as"] is in the sense of סר ["removed"] as if to say “the kingdom was removed from Divon” because one cannot explain אבד חשבון עד דיבון like the simple understanding that the entire area from Cheshbon as far as Divon was uprooted. For if so, the word ונירם, which means “their kingdom,” would not be connected to what comes before or after it. However, according to Rashi’s explanation it is as if it is written “their kingdom in Cheshbon was uprooted and their kingdom in Divon was removed.”
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Rav Hirsch on Torah
V. 30. ונירם: und nun kamen wir und warfen sie! ונירם Futur קל von ירה mit Waw konversivum. Das Suffix hätte normal ונירם heißen sollen. Allein wir finden das Futur mit der Suffixform des Präteritum, z. B. ילבשם הכהן Schmot 29, 30. Wir haben dort den Grund dieser scheinbaren Anomalie in der Absicht zu finden geglaubt, in dem Zukünftigen eine wesentliche Beziehung zu etwas Vergangenem hervortreten zu lassen. Wenn nun hier dem bereits zur historischen Vergangenheit umwandelten Futur noch durch die Suffixform des Präteritum der Begriff der Vergangenheit noch prägnanter aufgedrückt ist, so dürfte es damit in ein eigentliches Plusquamperfektum umwandelt sein und nicht heißen: nun warfen wir sie, sondern: und wir hatten sie geworfen, d. h. und im Grunde war es nicht Sichon, sondern wir, die Moabs Niederwerfung bewirkt haben. Sichon war nur ein Werkzeug für uns, er warf Moab nieder, damit wir sein Land in Besitz nehmen konnten. Ja, es kann sogar das Suffix ם sich auf Sichon beziehen und ירה in seiner eigentlichen Bedeutung: Pfeilschleudern zu nehmen sein, wir schlenderten Sichon auf Moab, Sichon war unser Pfeil. In diesem Sinne wäre dann auch:
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Daat Zkenim on Numbers
ונירם אבד חשבון, “when we shot at them Cheshbon was laid waste completely;” our author understands the word ונירם as a derivative of the noun ניר, as a reference to their king as their shining light, who had been completely extinguished. He quotes Kings I 11,36, where it has been used in this manner i.e. להיות ניר לדוד עבדי, “to be a lamp for My servant David.”
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Chizkuni
ונירם אבד חשבון עד דיבון, “in the meantime) we (the Israelites) came and threw over the rule of Sichon, not only Cheshbon has perished but even Divvon.”
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Rashi on Numbers
אבד חשבון עד דיבן means: the sovreignty and the subjugation which Moab had over Heshbon is destroyed from thence. Similar also is the meaning of עד דיבן because the Targum of סר “it hath departed” is עד, so that this phrase means to say, sovreignty hath departed from Dibon. The word ניר denotes the sovreignty and yoke which result from a person’s rulership, as, (1 Kings 11:36) “that David Thy servant may always have dominion (ניר) before Me”.
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Rav Hirsch on Torah
ונשים ganz regelmäßig הפעיל von נשה mit Suffix, wie ישיא מות עלימו (Ps. 55, 16) Gott setze den Tod zum Schuldeinforderer über sie. So hier: und wir machten sie zu unseren Schuldeinforderern. Sichon hat gleichsam für uns einkassiert. Sonst kann es auch הפעיל von שמם sein, wie אם לא ישים עליהם נויהם (Jeremija 49, 20), also: wir verwüsteten.
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Chizkuni
The word ניר, means: ”heir;” in the meantime no heir is left of the original Moabites (Compare Kings I 11,36, for the meaning of the word ניר.) An alternate interpretation. The word ניר, is derived from ירה, “to shoot, to throw,” as in Exodus 15,4: ירה בים, “He tossed into the sea.” In other words, the Israelites are boasting that they had tossed the Emorites, etc., out of their land, or in ordinary Hebrew, ונשליכם. If you were to explain our verse according to the Targum, the letter ו at the beginning should have a short vowel patach, instead of the regular patach. Still another interpretation: the word ניר is a variant of חרישה, “the act of ploughing,” as in Jeremiah 4,3: נירו לכם ניר, “break up the untilled ground!”
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Rashi on Numbers
ונשים WE HAVE LAID WASTE — The ש has a Dagesh, for the word denotes waste (שמם). Thus say they who speak in parables: ונשים אותם עד נפח which signifies we have laid them waste as far as Nophah.
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Rav Hirsch on Torah
Diese Tatsache, dass Sichons Eroberungen Israel zu gute kamen, welches sonst die Länderteile in den Händen ihrer früheren Besitzer nicht hätte antasten dürfen, wird Chulin 60b in den Satz gefasst: עמון ומואב טיהרו בסיחון, Ammons und Moabs Gebiet wurden durch Sichon Israel zugänglich. Es ist da Ammon neben Moab genannt, obgleich es oben hieß: כי עז גבול בני עמון; denn in der Tat war in dem durch Israel Sichon abgenommenen Gebiete auch ein Teil eines früher zu Ammon gehörigen Gebietes einbegriffen, das Sichon ebenfalls erobert hatte, wie aus Josua 13, 25 u. 27 und Richter 11, 13 erhellt, aus welcher letzteren Stelle sich ergibt, dass in dem vom Arnon bis zum Jabbok nunmehr Israel zugefallenen Gebiete frühere ammonitische Besitzteile mitbegriffen waren, und kann sich demnach das עז גבול עמון nur auf das Gebiet beziehen, das noch in Händen Ammons geblieben war, weil es von Sichon nicht erobert werden konnte (siehe Raschi zu Chulin daselbst).
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Chizkuni
ונשים, “we laid waste;” related to שממה, desolation.” The Israelites declare that they plowed over all the structures of the former inhabitants. [unlike what happened on the west bank of the Jordan when they captured all the Canaanite infrastructure 100% intact, and could make immediate use of it. Ed.]
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