Deuteronômio 11:17 Midrash: Midrash Tanchuma, Devarim Rabbah, Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael & Kohelet Rabbah

Listen, heavens and I will speak: Happy is the one born of a woman who says like this to the creation of the Heavens. As a king would say to his servants, "Listen and hear my words"; so did he say to the heavens and the earth, "Be quiet until all of my words are finished." "Listen, heavens": This is what is stated in the verse (Jeremiah 32:36) - "If the heavens above could be measured, and the foundations of the earth below could be fathomed, then would I also reject all the seed of Israel." Since they exist forever and Israel exists forever, they were summoned to testify that Israel is observing the Torah and the commandments. But if, God forbid, they negate them, the hand of the witnesses will be the first against them, to kill them. It is written (Deuteronomy 11:17), "and He will shut up the skies and there will be no rain and the ground will not yield its produce." Hence, he summoned them to testify when Israel is observing the Torah and the commandments. But if, God forbid, they refuse, the hand of the witnesses will be the first against them, as it is stated (Deuteronomy 31:28), "and I will bring the heavens and the earth as witnesses against you." And this is why he brought them for testimony - as it is [found] in the Pesikta [that] man is compared to the twelve constellations: At the beginning when he is born, he is compared to a lamb, as he is soft, but he grows up to be like an ox. When he grows [older], he becomes twins, meaning to say complete, and the evil impulse grows in him. And at the beginning, it is weak like a crab; but afterwards when it grows, it becomes strong like a lion. And if he sins, it becomes like a virgin. And if he adds [more] transgressions, they are measured in the scales. And if he continues in his rebellion, he is brought down to the pit below, to the pit and Geihinom - like a scorpion placed in the earth and in ditches. But if he repents, he is thrown out - like one who slings his arrows with a bow. That is why we are accustomed to mention the dead on Shabbat, so that they do not return to Geihinom. As so is it [found] in Torat Kohanim (on Deuteronomy 21:8), "'Atone for your people' - those are the living; 'that You have redeemed' - those are the dead. From here, [we learn] that the living redeem the dead." Hence we are accustomed to mention the dead on Yom Kippur and to distribute charity for their sake. As so did we learn in Torat Kohanim, "It is possible that from when they died, charity does not help them. [Hence] we learn to say, 'that You have redeemed.'" From here, [we learn] that when we distribute charity for their sake, we take them out and bring them up like an arrow from the bow. He [then] immediately becomes soft like a goat and is rendered pure like the time that he was born, and we pour pure water from a pail upon him. And he grows with great pleasure like a fish enjoying the water. So does he immerse at all times in the rivers of afarsimon and milk, and oil and honey; and he always eats from the tree of life that is planted inside the partition of the righteous, and its branches leans over the table of each and every righteous one. And he lives forever. To here is new. But from here and onward is from the old.

“Hear, Israel: The Lord is our God, the Lord is one” (Deuteronomy 6:4) – halakha: If a person of Israel recited Keriat Shema but was not precise in enunciating its letters, has he fulfilled his obligation? So taught the Sages: If one recited [Shema] and was not precise in his enunciation of its letters, Rabbi Yosei says: He fulfilled his obligation. Rabbi Yehuda says: He did not fulfill his obligation. What is precise enunciation of the letters? Our Rabbis taught us: “Bekhol levavkhem” (Deuteronomy 11:13) – one must separate between one lamed and the other lamed.⁶⁸Since one word ends with a lamed and the next word begins with a lamed, one must be careful to separate them so that they will not sound like one word. “Vaavadtem mehera” (Deuteronomy 11:17) – one must separate between one mem and the other mem. Rav Yehuda said in the name of Rav: If one is reciting Shema and walking, he must stand still while accepting the kingdom of Heaven. What is [the acceptance of] the kingdom of Heaven? “The Lord is our God, the Lord is one.”
From when did Israel merit to recite Shema? Rabbi Pinḥas bar Ḥama said: Israel merited to recite Shema from the giving of the Torah. How so? You find that the Holy One blessed be He began [to speak] at Sinai only with this matter. He said to them: “Hear Israel” (Deuteronomy 6:4), “I am the Lord your God” (Exodus 20:2).⁶⁹The expression “hear Israel” does not appear in the passage of the giving of the Torah, but it is derived from the verses in Psalms that relate this event, where it states: “Hear, My people.… I am the Lord your God” (Psalms 81:9–11). All of them answered and said: “The Lord is our God, the Lord is one” (Deuteronomy 6:4). Moses said: Blessed be the name of His glorious kingdom for ever and ever. The Rabbis say: The Holy One blessed be He said to Israel: My children, everything that I created, I created in pairs. The heavens and the earth are a pair; the sun and moon are a pair; Adam and Eve are a pair; this world and the World to Come are a pair. But My glory is singular and unique in the world. From where is this derived? From what we read regarding this matter: “Hear, Israel: The Lord is our God, the Lord is one.”

Three things were given conditionally: Eretz Yisrael, the Temple, and the kingdom of the house of David, but not the Torah scroll and the covenant of Aaron, which were not given conditionally. Eretz Yisrael — (Devarim 11:16-17) "Take heed unto yourselves lest your hearts be enticed … and the wrath of the L–rd will burn against you." The Temple — (I Kings 6:12) "This Temple that you build, if you follow My statutes and keep all of My mitzvoth to walk in them, then I shall uphold My word with you that I spoke to David your father, etc." And if not, (Michah 7:15) "… then the land will be a ruin (together) with its inhabitants." The kingdom of the house of David — (Psalms 132:12) "If your sons keep My covenant, etc.", and if not, (Ibid. 89:33) "then I will punish their offense with the rod."