רָאמ֣וֹת לֶֽאֱוִ֣יל חָכְמ֑וֹת בַּ֝שַּׁ֗עַר לֹ֣א יִפְתַּח־פִּֽיהוּ׃
A sabedoria é alta demais para o insensato; ele não abre a sua boca na porta.
Devarim Rabbah
What the verse said: “Wisdom is lofty to a fool; at the gate, he will not open his mouth” (Proverbs 24:7) – what is “wisdom is lofty to a fool”? Rabbi Tanḥuma said: This fool enters the synagogue, and he sees them engaging in talmudic discourse, but he does not know what they are saying. He is ashamed, as it is stated: “At the gate, he will not open his mouth.” “Gate” is nothing other than the Sanhedrin, as it is written: “His brother's widow shall go up to the gate, to the elders” (Deuteronomy 25:7).
Another matter, the Rabbis said: This fool enters the synagogue and sees them engaged in Torah study, and he says to them: ‘How does a person study Torah from the outset?’ They say to him: ‘One reads a scroll;6Children are given a scroll with letters, vocalization, and some verses. then [one reads] in the Torah scroll, then in the Prophets, and then in the Writings. When one completes the Bible, one studies the Talmud, then halakhot, and then aggadot.’ When he hears this, he says in his heart: When can I learn all this? He returns from the gate; that is, “at the gate, he will not open his mouth.” Rabbi Yannai said: To what is the matter comparable? It is to a loaf that was suspended in the air.7It was suspended from the ceiling in a house. The fool said: ‘Who will be able to retrieve it?’ The clever one says: ‘Did someone not suspend it?’ He brings a ladder or a rod and takes it down. Likewise, everyone who is a fool, says: ‘When will I read the entire Torah?’ But one who is clever, what does he do? He studies one chapter each and every day until he completes the entire Torah. The Holy One blessed be He said: “It is not hidden,” and if it is hidden, it is from you, because you did not engage in it. That is, “for this mitzva.”
Another matter, the Rabbis said: This fool enters the synagogue and sees them engaged in Torah study, and he says to them: ‘How does a person study Torah from the outset?’ They say to him: ‘One reads a scroll;6Children are given a scroll with letters, vocalization, and some verses. then [one reads] in the Torah scroll, then in the Prophets, and then in the Writings. When one completes the Bible, one studies the Talmud, then halakhot, and then aggadot.’ When he hears this, he says in his heart: When can I learn all this? He returns from the gate; that is, “at the gate, he will not open his mouth.” Rabbi Yannai said: To what is the matter comparable? It is to a loaf that was suspended in the air.7It was suspended from the ceiling in a house. The fool said: ‘Who will be able to retrieve it?’ The clever one says: ‘Did someone not suspend it?’ He brings a ladder or a rod and takes it down. Likewise, everyone who is a fool, says: ‘When will I read the entire Torah?’ But one who is clever, what does he do? He studies one chapter each and every day until he completes the entire Torah. The Holy One blessed be He said: “It is not hidden,” and if it is hidden, it is from you, because you did not engage in it. That is, “for this mitzva.”
Shir HaShirim Rabbah
Rabbi Yoḥanan of Tzippori interpreted the verse regarding mounds [teluliyot] of dirt. One who is foolish, what does he say? Who can completely remove this? One who is wise, what does he say? I will remove two containers during the day and two containers at night, and the same tomorrow, until I clear it all. So too, one who is foolish says: Who can study the entire Torah? Nezikin47Bava Kama, Bava Metzia, and Bava Batra are each ten chapters long and are considered one integrated tractate (see Bava Kama 102a). is thirty chapters, Kelim is thirty chapters. The wise man says: I will study two halakhot today and two tomorrow, until I learn it all.
Rabbi Yannai said: “Wisdom is lofty to a fool” (Proverbs 24:7) – this is analogous to a perforated loaf that is suspended in the air in a room. The fool says: Who can take this down? The wise man says: Did another not suspend it? I will bring two sticks and attach one to another until I take it down.48If one stick is not enough to enable me to reach the loaf, I will tie two sticks together. So too, the fool says: Who can learn all the Torah that is in the heart of my teacher? The wise man says: Did he not learn it from another? I will study two halakhot today and two tomorrow, until I learn all the Torah of this Sage.
Rabbi Levi said: [This is analogous] to a perforated basket whose owner hired workers to fill it with water. The fool says: What am I accomplishing? I fill it from here and it flows out from there. The wise man says: Do I not collect my wage? Do I not collect a wage from my employer for each and every barrel? So too, the fool says: I study Torah and forget it; what am I accomplishing? The wise man says: Does the Holy One blessed be He not give me reward for my effort? As Rabbi Levi said:49The text should state: “Another matter: Rabbi Levi said” (Etz Yosef). Even matters that you see as dots [kotzim] in the Torah, they are heaps upon heaps [tilei tilim]; they have the capability to destroy the world and to render it a mound [tel], just as it says: “It shall be an eternal mound” (Deuteronomy 13:17). It is written: “Hear Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is one [eḥad]” (Deuteronomy 6:4); if you transform the dalet into a resh you will destroy the world.50The word one [eḥad] will become other [aḥer], turning this affirmation of faith into a declaration of heresy. This occurs by merely erasing one small dot of the dalet, thereby turning it into a resh. “For you shall not prostrate yourself to another [aḥer] god” (Exodus 34:14) – if you replace the resh with a dalet you will destroy the world.51The verse would then state: You shall not prostrate yourself to the one [eḥad] God, which is a heretical statement. It is written: “They shall not profane [yeḥalelu] My holy name” (Leviticus 22:2); if you replace the ḥet with a heh, you will destroy the world.52Profane [yeḥalelu] would become praise [yehalelu]. It is written: “I will wait [veḥikiti] for the Lord” (Isaiah 8:17); if you replace the ḥet with a heh, you will destroy the world.53Wait [veḥikiti] would become strike [vehikeiti]. It is written: “Let all who breathe [tehalel] praise the Lord” (Psalms 150:6); if you replace the heh with a ḥet, you will destroy the world.54Praise [tehalel] would become profane [teḥalel]. It is written: “They have denied the Lord” (Jeremiah 5:12); if you replace the bet with a kaf, you will destroy the world.55“The Lord [baHashem]” would become: Like the Lord [kaHashem], which implies that the Lord also denies truths. It is written: “They have betrayed the Lord for they have begotten foreign children” (Hosea 5:7); if you replace the bet with a kaf, you will destroy the world.56“The Lord [baHashem]” will become: Like the Lord [kaHashem], implying that the Lord betrays others. It is written: “There is no one as holy as the Lord, as there is none like You [biltekha]” (I Samuel 2:2) – Rabbi Abbahu bar Kahana said: Everything wears out but You do not wear out, “as there is none like you,” there is none to outlast you [levalotekha].
Rabbi Yannai said: “Wisdom is lofty to a fool” (Proverbs 24:7) – this is analogous to a perforated loaf that is suspended in the air in a room. The fool says: Who can take this down? The wise man says: Did another not suspend it? I will bring two sticks and attach one to another until I take it down.48If one stick is not enough to enable me to reach the loaf, I will tie two sticks together. So too, the fool says: Who can learn all the Torah that is in the heart of my teacher? The wise man says: Did he not learn it from another? I will study two halakhot today and two tomorrow, until I learn all the Torah of this Sage.
Rabbi Levi said: [This is analogous] to a perforated basket whose owner hired workers to fill it with water. The fool says: What am I accomplishing? I fill it from here and it flows out from there. The wise man says: Do I not collect my wage? Do I not collect a wage from my employer for each and every barrel? So too, the fool says: I study Torah and forget it; what am I accomplishing? The wise man says: Does the Holy One blessed be He not give me reward for my effort? As Rabbi Levi said:49The text should state: “Another matter: Rabbi Levi said” (Etz Yosef). Even matters that you see as dots [kotzim] in the Torah, they are heaps upon heaps [tilei tilim]; they have the capability to destroy the world and to render it a mound [tel], just as it says: “It shall be an eternal mound” (Deuteronomy 13:17). It is written: “Hear Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is one [eḥad]” (Deuteronomy 6:4); if you transform the dalet into a resh you will destroy the world.50The word one [eḥad] will become other [aḥer], turning this affirmation of faith into a declaration of heresy. This occurs by merely erasing one small dot of the dalet, thereby turning it into a resh. “For you shall not prostrate yourself to another [aḥer] god” (Exodus 34:14) – if you replace the resh with a dalet you will destroy the world.51The verse would then state: You shall not prostrate yourself to the one [eḥad] God, which is a heretical statement. It is written: “They shall not profane [yeḥalelu] My holy name” (Leviticus 22:2); if you replace the ḥet with a heh, you will destroy the world.52Profane [yeḥalelu] would become praise [yehalelu]. It is written: “I will wait [veḥikiti] for the Lord” (Isaiah 8:17); if you replace the ḥet with a heh, you will destroy the world.53Wait [veḥikiti] would become strike [vehikeiti]. It is written: “Let all who breathe [tehalel] praise the Lord” (Psalms 150:6); if you replace the heh with a ḥet, you will destroy the world.54Praise [tehalel] would become profane [teḥalel]. It is written: “They have denied the Lord” (Jeremiah 5:12); if you replace the bet with a kaf, you will destroy the world.55“The Lord [baHashem]” would become: Like the Lord [kaHashem], which implies that the Lord also denies truths. It is written: “They have betrayed the Lord for they have begotten foreign children” (Hosea 5:7); if you replace the bet with a kaf, you will destroy the world.56“The Lord [baHashem]” will become: Like the Lord [kaHashem], implying that the Lord betrays others. It is written: “There is no one as holy as the Lord, as there is none like You [biltekha]” (I Samuel 2:2) – Rabbi Abbahu bar Kahana said: Everything wears out but You do not wear out, “as there is none like you,” there is none to outlast you [levalotekha].
Vayikra Rabbah
Rabbi Ḥanin of Tzippori interpreted the verse regarding a mound of dirt.8He interpreted the verse “his locks are curls [taltalim]” as alluding to a mount [telulit] of dirt. One who is foolish, what does he say? Who can remove this? One who is clever, what does he say? I will remove two basketsful today, two basketsful tomorrow, until I remove it all. So too, one who is foolish says: Who can study the Torah? Nezikin is thirty chapters,9Bava Kamma, Bava Metzia, and Bava Batra each contain ten chapters, and are considered one integrated tractate (see Bava Kamma 102a). Kelim is thirty chapters. One who is clever, what does he say? I will study two halakhot today and two halakhot tomorrow, until I study all the Torah in its entirety.
Rabbi Ami said: “Wisdom is lofty to a fool” (Proverbs 24:7). Rabbi Yoḥanan said: [This is analogous] to a loaf that is suspended in the air in a house. One who is foolish says: Who can take this down? One who is clever says: Did another not suspend it? He brings two reeds and attaches them to one another and takes it down. So too, one who is foolish says: Who can learn all the Torah that is in the heart of the Sage? One who is clever says: Did he not learn it from another? Rather, I will study two halakhot today and two tomorrow until I study all the Torah in its entirety.
Rabbi Levi said: [This is analogous] to a perforated basket whose owner hired workers to fill it. One who is foolish, what does he say? What am I accomplishing? I fill it from here and it flows out from there. One who is clever, what does he say? Do I not receive a salary for each and every barrel?10He is paid for each barrel that he empties into the basket, regardless of what ultimately happens to its contents. So too, one who is foolish, what does he say? What do I accomplish by studying Torah and forgetting it? One who is clever, what does he say? Does the Holy One blessed be He not give reward for effort?
Rabbi Ze’ira said: Even matter that you see as dots [kotzim] in the Torah, they are heaps upon heaps [tilei tilim]; they have the capability to destroy the world and to render it a mound [tel], just as it says: “It shall be an eternal mound, it shall not be rebuilt” (Deuteronomy 13:17).
Rabbi Alexandri bar Ḥagai saidRabbi Alexandri Kerova:11He was so called because he would serve as a prayer leader and would recite liturgical poems called kerovot (Matnot Kehuna), or simply because he would lead the congregation in coming close [karov] to God. If all the nations of the world were to assemble to whiten one wing of the raven, they would be unable to do so. So too, if all the nations of the world were to assemble to uproot one matter from the Torah, they would be unable to do so. From whom do you learn this? It is from Solomon. Because he sought to uproot one letter from the Torah,12In Deuteronomy 17:16–17 a king is commanded not to amass [lo yarbeh] horses lest he lead the nation back to Egypt, and not to amass wives lest his heart be led astray. Without the yod, the word yarbeh would be rava, which would not be a command. Thus, the verse would mean that if the king does not amass horses he will not lead the nation back to Egypt and if he does not amass wives they will not cause his heart to stray, but that would not mean it is prohibited for him to amass horses or wives. Solomon amassed horses and wives, thinking that he would avoid the pitfalls the verse warns against, but he did not avoid those pitfalls (Sanhedrin 21b). a prosecutor arose. Who prosecuted him? Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: The yod of yarbeh prosecuted him. Rabbi Shimon taught: The book of Deuteronomy ascended and prostrated itself before the Holy One blessed be He. It said before Him: ‘Master of the universe, Solomon has uprooted me and rendered me an invalid document, as any document in which two or three matters are invalidated from it, it is completely invalidated. King Solomon sought to uproot a yod from me. It is written: “He shall not amass wives for himself” (Deuteronomy 17:17), but he amassed for himself. “He shall not amass horses for himself” (Deuteronomy 17:16), but he amassed horses for himself. “And silver and gold he shall not amass” (Deuteronomy 17:17), but he amassed silver and gold for himself.’ The Holy One blessed be He said to it: ‘Go; Solomon and one hundred like him will be void, and a yod from you will never be void.’
Rav Huna said in the name of Rav Aḥa: The yod that the Holy One blessed be He took from the name of Sarah, He divided it in two and gave half to Abraham and half to Sarah.13The numerical value of the yod in Sarai, Sarah’s original name, is ten. He ‘divided it’ into two, leaving two of the letter heh, each worth five, instead of one yod. He added one heh to Abram, rendering his name Abraham, and one to Sarai, rendering her name Sarah. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Korḥa said: The yod of Sarah14The yod that had been removed from her name, Sarai, when it was changed to Sarah. ascended and prostrated itself before the Holy One blessed be He. It said before Him: ‘Master of the universe, You uprooted me from the name of that righteous woman.’ The Holy One blessed be He said to it: ‘Go; in the past you were in the name of a female at the end of the word, but now, I will place you in the name of a male at the beginning of the word.’ That is what is written: “Moses called Hoshea bin Nun, Joshua [Yehoshua]” (Numbers 13:16).
“Hear Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is one [eḥad]” (Deuteronomy 6:4); if you render the dalet a reish, you destroy the world in its entirety.15The word one [eḥad] would become other [aḥer], turning this affirmation of faith into a declaration of heresy. This occurs by merely erasing one small stroke of the dalet, thereby turning it into a resh. “For you shall not prostrate yourself to another [aḥer] god” (Exodus 34:14); if you render the reish a dalet, you destroy the world in its entirety.16If you read the verse as though it said “you shall not prostrate yourself to the one God,” the result would be disastrous. “You shall not profane [yeḥalelu] My holy name” (Leviticus 22:32); if you render the ḥet a heh, it will result in you destroying the world in its entirety.17Profane [yeḥalelu] would become praise [yehalelu]. “Let all who breathe, praise [tehalel] the Lord, Halleluya” (Psalms 150:6); if you render the heh a ḥet, you destroy the world.18That would be saying: Let all who breathe profane [yeḥalelu] My holy name. “They have denied the Lord” (Jeremiah 5:12); if you render the bet a kaf, you destroy the world.19“The Lord [baHashem]” would become: Like the Lord [kaHashem], which implies that the Lord also denies truths. “They have betrayed the Lord [baHashem]” (Hosea 5:7); if you render the bet a kaf, you destroy the world.20“The Lord [baHashem]” will become: Like the Lord [kaHashem], implying that the Lord betrays others. “There is none sacred like the Lord [kaHashem]” (I Samuel 2:2); if you render the kaf a beit, you destroy the world.21That would be saying: “There is nothing sacred in the Lord [baHashem].” “There is none besides You [ein biltekha]” (I Samuel 2:2); Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: Everything erodes [bala], but You do not erode. Ein biltekha, none outlasts You [ein levalotekha].
Rabbi Ami said: “Wisdom is lofty to a fool” (Proverbs 24:7). Rabbi Yoḥanan said: [This is analogous] to a loaf that is suspended in the air in a house. One who is foolish says: Who can take this down? One who is clever says: Did another not suspend it? He brings two reeds and attaches them to one another and takes it down. So too, one who is foolish says: Who can learn all the Torah that is in the heart of the Sage? One who is clever says: Did he not learn it from another? Rather, I will study two halakhot today and two tomorrow until I study all the Torah in its entirety.
Rabbi Levi said: [This is analogous] to a perforated basket whose owner hired workers to fill it. One who is foolish, what does he say? What am I accomplishing? I fill it from here and it flows out from there. One who is clever, what does he say? Do I not receive a salary for each and every barrel?10He is paid for each barrel that he empties into the basket, regardless of what ultimately happens to its contents. So too, one who is foolish, what does he say? What do I accomplish by studying Torah and forgetting it? One who is clever, what does he say? Does the Holy One blessed be He not give reward for effort?
Rabbi Ze’ira said: Even matter that you see as dots [kotzim] in the Torah, they are heaps upon heaps [tilei tilim]; they have the capability to destroy the world and to render it a mound [tel], just as it says: “It shall be an eternal mound, it shall not be rebuilt” (Deuteronomy 13:17).
Rabbi Alexandri bar Ḥagai said
Rav Huna said in the name of Rav Aḥa: The yod that the Holy One blessed be He took from the name of Sarah, He divided it in two and gave half to Abraham and half to Sarah.13The numerical value of the yod in Sarai, Sarah’s original name, is ten. He ‘divided it’ into two, leaving two of the letter heh, each worth five, instead of one yod. He added one heh to Abram, rendering his name Abraham, and one to Sarai, rendering her name Sarah. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Korḥa said: The yod of Sarah14The yod that had been removed from her name, Sarai, when it was changed to Sarah. ascended and prostrated itself before the Holy One blessed be He. It said before Him: ‘Master of the universe, You uprooted me from the name of that righteous woman.’ The Holy One blessed be He said to it: ‘Go; in the past you were in the name of a female at the end of the word, but now, I will place you in the name of a male at the beginning of the word.’ That is what is written: “Moses called Hoshea bin Nun, Joshua [Yehoshua]” (Numbers 13:16).
“Hear Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is one [eḥad]” (Deuteronomy 6:4); if you render the dalet a reish, you destroy the world in its entirety.15The word one [eḥad] would become other [aḥer], turning this affirmation of faith into a declaration of heresy. This occurs by merely erasing one small stroke of the dalet, thereby turning it into a resh. “For you shall not prostrate yourself to another [aḥer] god” (Exodus 34:14); if you render the reish a dalet, you destroy the world in its entirety.16If you read the verse as though it said “you shall not prostrate yourself to the one God,” the result would be disastrous. “You shall not profane [yeḥalelu] My holy name” (Leviticus 22:32); if you render the ḥet a heh, it will result in you destroying the world in its entirety.17Profane [yeḥalelu] would become praise [yehalelu]. “Let all who breathe, praise [tehalel] the Lord, Halleluya” (Psalms 150:6); if you render the heh a ḥet, you destroy the world.18That would be saying: Let all who breathe profane [yeḥalelu] My holy name. “They have denied the Lord” (Jeremiah 5:12); if you render the bet a kaf, you destroy the world.19“The Lord [baHashem]” would become: Like the Lord [kaHashem], which implies that the Lord also denies truths. “They have betrayed the Lord [baHashem]” (Hosea 5:7); if you render the bet a kaf, you destroy the world.20“The Lord [baHashem]” will become: Like the Lord [kaHashem], implying that the Lord betrays others. “There is none sacred like the Lord [kaHashem]” (I Samuel 2:2); if you render the kaf a beit, you destroy the world.21That would be saying: “There is nothing sacred in the Lord [baHashem].” “There is none besides You [ein biltekha]” (I Samuel 2:2); Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: Everything erodes [bala], but You do not erode. Ein biltekha, none outlasts You [ein levalotekha].