Comentários de Citação sobre Gênesis 4:21

Pipe (מַשְׁרוֹקִיתָא - mashrokita): An instrument to whistle (lishrok) with. However, the zither (קַתְרֹס - katros) and its companions [i.e., the lyre (sabbekha), psaltery (psanterin), bagpipe (sumponyah listed in the verse)], all of them are musical instruments (k'lei niggunim). Also in the Holy Tongue [Hebrew, there are instruments like] the kinnor [lyre/harp] and ugav [pipe/flute] [mentioned together first in Genesis 4:21: “he was the ancestor of all who play the kinnor and ugav”], and machol [dance/pipe?] [cf. Psalms 149:3], and minim [strings?] [cf. Psalms 150:4], and their [exact] identities (shmotam - lit. 'names', but referring to the precise nature/identification of the instrument) we do not know. Although ugav is [perhaps] derived from [the root related to pleasure/love, as in the verb] “rejoice” (vətaʿagvah) [Job 21:12], and minim [perhaps means] two instruments, and machol [perhaps means] a flute (chalil), and the kinnor [is shaped] like a menorah [candelabrum]. And these are speculations (sevarot) without proof (re'ayah).

And you shall be joyful That in the merit of this, the Omnipresent will make you joyful. And our teachers explained (Pesachim 36b, Bikkurim 1:6) that at the time of joy - from Atzeret [Shavuot] until Chag [Sukkot] - one brings and reads. For that is the time of picking fruit, and people are joyful. From thence onwards, one brings and does not read. And a ger brings and does not read, because they cannot say "fruit of the land You gave me" (Devarim 26:10) "that God swore to our ancestors" (Devarim 26:3) - for they do not have a portion in the Land. And in Masechet Bikkurim (1:4) they say, Since they cannot say "to our ancestors" - and so in prayer, since in prayer our teachers relied on the Talmud Yerushalmi [Bikkurim 1:4 (2:2)] that they bring stories that gerim said in prayer "God of our ancestors". This is because "our ancestors" [אבותינו avoteinu] is the language of "our great ones" [גדולינו gedoleinu], like "And He has set me as a father to Paroh and as a master to all his house" (Bereishit 45:8), and so too "he was the father of all those who play the lyre and the pipe" (Bereishit 4:21), which is translated (Targum Onkelos on Bereishit 4:21) "their teacher" [רבהון rabhon]. And so "father of many nations" (Bereishit 17:4) - prince and master of the whole world. And thus the geirim are accustomed to say "God of our ancestors" in prayer, and this is primary.

אבי יושב אהל ומקנה THE FATHER OF SUCH AS ABIDE IN TENTS AND OF SUCH THAT HAVE CATTLE — He was the first of those who pastured cattle, and he dwelt in tents, a month here and a month there, on account of the pasture necessary for his sheep; for when the grass was finished in one place he went away and pitched his tent in another place. There is a Midrashic statement (Genesis Rabbah 23:3) that he built temples for idol worship, (for ומקנה may be read ומקנה –– provoking jealousy), just as you say, (Ezekiel 8:3) "the image of jealousy which provoketh God to jealousy" (המקנה); similarly his brother handled the harp and guitar to make music for idol worship.