Comentários de Citação sobre I Samuel 9:24

Es heißt aber: אשר תשים לפניהם, nicht: אשר תצוה אותם ,אשר תדבר אליהם oder sonst. שום לפני־ kommt außer bei Mitteilung der göttlichen Gebote durch Mosche an Israel nur noch in einer einzigen Bedeutung vor, und zwar als spezieller Ausdruck für das Auftragen zubereiteter Speisen vor einen Gast. So: ויושם לפניו לאכול (Bereschit 24, 33), וישם לפני שאול. (Sam. I. 9, 24). Ebenso: (Sam. I. 28, 22) Auf Mitteilung von Gesetzen übertragen, heißt es daher nichts anderes, als eine dergestalt ausführliche und deutliche Mitteilung, daß sie für die Erkenntnis und Ausführung vollständig und klar vorliegen. Die der מכילתא entnommene Erklärung: כשולחן ערוך ומוכן לאכול לפני האדם ,"wie ein zum Essen vor dem Menschen angerichteter und bereiter Tisch", ist daher der wortgetreue Sinn des Ausdrucks. Es ist damit in der Überschrift dieser Gesetze das Faktum konstatiert, daß die hier folgenden schriftlichen Aufzeichnungen nur kurze, nackte Sätze enthalten, deren genauere Präzision Und vollständige Ausführung der mündlichen Überlieferung vorbehalten blieb, wir somit in diesen Sätzen der תורה שבכתב nicht schon das Gesetz in seiner Totalität vor uns sehen, wir vielmehr die Vollständigkeit des Gesetzes nur der תורה שבעל פה zu entnehmen haben.

[Daniel 2:14] Be'dayin (בֵּאדַיִן - Then): Then (az - אָז) Daniel answered (hetiv - הֵתִיב) with counsel (ʿeta - עֵטָא) and discretion/reason (teʿem - טְעֵם). And behold, [the concept of giving good counsel/reason is] like [in Proverbs 26:16 concerning] “seven men who can render a reason” (shivʿah meshivei taʿam - שִׁבְעָה מְשִׁיבֵי טָעַם). [Regarding] Arioch, the captain of the guards (rav tabbachayya - רַב־טַבָּחַיָּא): [Consider] Potiphar, Pharaoh's captain of the guard (sar ha-tabbachim - שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים) [Genesis 39:1]. According to my opinion, [the meaning of the title is complex because] the word tabbach (טַבָּח) in the Holy Tongue [Hebrew] is interpreted in two senses/meanings (טעמים): The first: killing/slaughter (harigah - הֲרִיגָה), like [the title] chief of the executioners/slaughterers (rav tabbachim - רַב טַבָּחִים). And the proof [that Arioch's title relates to killing] is [the phrase in this verse] “who had set out to put [them] to death” (di nefaq l'qattala - דִּי נְפַק לְקַטָּלָא). And similar to it [the use of the root ט-ב-ח for killing] is [the phrase] “like a lamb (k'cheves) or a ram (alluf) led (yuval) to the slaughter (litvoach) like sheep (k'tzon)” [cf. Jeremiah 11:19]. And many [other examples] are like this. And the second meaning is like [the word] in the language of Ishmael [Arabic] for cook/butcher (mevashel - מְבַשֵּׁל). Like [in]: “and slaughter a slaughtering (v'tavoach tevach) and prepare (v'hachen)” [Genesis 43:16]. [This second meaning is supported by verses like I Samuel 8:13 referring to women as] “perfumers (l'raqqachot) and cooks/butchers (ul'tabbachot)” – because women do not [ritually] slaughter. And also [the verse] “And the cook (ha-tabbach) took up (vayarem) [the portion]” [I Samuel 9:24]. And because the chief baker baked the bread and the chief cupbearer was his counterpart, therefore I said [in Genesis commentary] that he [Pharaoh] put them [the baker and cupbearer] in the house of their colleague [Potiphar], who was the chief cook (שר המבשלים), and did not put them in the prison where all prisoners were confined, because of their high rank as officials. [This digression clarifies the dual meaning of tabbach relevant to understanding Potiphar and perhaps Arioch].

OFFICER OF ‘HATABACHIM.’ This means the slaughterers of the king’s animals. This is the language of Rashi. Similarly, it says, And the ‘tabach’ (cook) took up the thigh;¹⁰²I Samuel 9:24. For perfumers and for cooks (‘tabachoth’).¹⁰³Ibid., 8:13.
Closer to the meaning of the word hatabachim is the opinion of Onkelos who says that since the prison house was under his charge, [he was called the officer of the tabachim, since] we find the word t’vichah in connection with the killing of people. Prepare ye the slaughter (‘matbiach’) for his children;¹⁰⁴Isaiah 14:21. Thou hast slaughtered (‘tavachta’) unsparingly.¹⁰⁵Lamentations 2:21. The verse in the book of Daniel is proof of the validity of Onkelos’ interpretation: To Arioch the captain of ‘tabachaya’ of the king, who was gone forth to slay the wise men of Babylon.¹⁰⁶Daniel 2:14. The word tabachaya or tabachim is thus clearly associated with the slaying of people. See my Hebrew commentary, Note 77, pp. 211-212.