Comentários de Citação sobre Isaías 33:24

All night until morning. The commentators said that since the burnt offering comes to atone for thoughts of the heart, which mainly occur at night, as it is said: Those who plan iniquity and plot evil on their beds; when morning dawns, they carry it out (Micah 2:1). Therefore, its time is all night. And in the Midrash Tanchuma (Pinchas 13, see there) we find a contradiction to this view, where it concludes Righteousness lodged in it (Isaiah 1:21). Rabbi Yuda bar Simon said: No person spent the night in Jerusalem with sin in their hand. How so? The morning daily offering atoned for the transgressions of the night, and the evening offering atoned for the transgressions of the entire day. This is what is meant by Righteousness lodged in it. And it is written: The people who dwell in it shall be forgiven of iniquity (Isaiah 33:24). Since lodged speaks of one who spends the night in it, the verse needed to bring The people who dwell in it regarding the day, because it is a time of dwelling and not a time of lodging and lying down. According to this, the night offering atoned for the transgressions of the day.
And there is another difficulty: Why did he say that the time of the evening offering is all night, and why didn’t he mention regarding the morning offering that its time is all day? And there is a further difficulty: In Parshat Tetzaveh and Parshat Pinchas, the morning burnt offering is mentioned only once, while the evening offering is mentioned twice.
It seems that this is because the sin of the day is double — in deed and in thought — and furthermore, all day a person is free for transgression. Therefore, he mentioned between the evenings twice, because its atonement is doubled, and its time is all night to atone for the sin of the entire day. But the night is not a time of action, and for the most part, the main sin of the night is in thought, as it is said: Those who plan iniquity and plot evil on their beds; when morning dawns, they carry it out. Additionally, for most of the night, a person is asleep on their bed, and therefore the morning burnt offering only atones for sinful thoughts, and it does not specify that its time is all day because it does not need to atone for the sin of the entire night.

The fairest of branches (nof) – Mount Zion is the beauty of the place, there is nothing as beautiful as it in all the place. And it is ‘the joy of the entire earth’ as it is written “Is this the city that was called the perfection of beauty, the joy of all the earth?” (Lamentations 2:15) The meaning of nof is place, as in “…the three regions (hanafet).” (Joshua 17:11) My father and master explained nof as one of the seven divisions of the world, because it is known that the settled world is divided into seven pieces as they said ‘the seven lands.’ These portions are called in Hebrew nafot and in Arabic iclimim. And he said that anyone who goes from one nof to another will fall ill due to the change in air. The air of the land of Israel, and all the more so the air of Jerusalem, was the fairest nof and the joy of all the earth. Even sick people who came there were healed because its air was well mixed and pleasant. As it says about it “And the neighbor shall not say, ‘I am sick.’” (Isaiah 33:24) Meaning that one who dwells in Jerusalem will not say ‘I am sick.’ Mount Zion, by the north side – Zion is on the north side of Jerusalem, as it says “…and I will sit on the mount of the assembly, in the farthest end of the north.” (Isaiah 14:13) The previous part of the verse “above God's stars will I raise my throne” is a metaphor regarding Israel. the city of a great (rav) king – a great king, as in “…upon every steward of his house…” (Esther 1:8) This is referring to David, as it says “…the city wherein David encamped.” (Isaiah 29:1) Or this is referring to the King Messiah. In the midrash (Shachar Tov 48) it says everyone glorifies her, because there was none other like her. Even though Tyre said ‘I am the perfection of beauty’ as it says “Tyre, you said, 'I am the perfection of beauty.'” (Ezekiel 27:3) You said this of yourself, but others did not say it to you. This is like the common saying: not as your mother said, but as your neighbors said. But it doesn’t say this about Zion, rather everyone says “Is this the city that was called the perfection of beauty, the joy of all the earth?” (Lamentations 2:15) And further ‘the joy of all the earth.’ And how did she bring joy to all the earth? If a man sinned and is downhearted, as Shlomo says “If there is concern in a man's heart, let him cast it down, and a good word will make it cheerful,” (Proverbs 12:25) he would go to Jerusalem and offer a sacrifice which would atone for him. His heart would rejoice and he would leave there joyful that he had been forgiven, therefore she is the joy of all the earth.

Bahya writes. Jacob was afraid that they would make an idol out of him. If he became an idol, God repays and punishes all those who worship idols, and He particularly punishes the idols. Jacob also said that the earth of the land of Israel atones for our sins, since the verse said, “it shall be inhabited by folk whose sin has been forgiven” [Isaiah 33:24]. That is to say, the people that dwell in the land of Israel, their sins are forgiven. The gate of prayer to Heaven is also is also there and from there the soul goes straight to heaven.¹⁰Bahya, Genesis, 47:29.

בבקר יאכל עד IN THE MORNING HE EATETH HIS PREY — עד is an Aramaic word synonymous with the Hebrew words בזה and שלל, prey, which are rendered in the Targum by עדאה; and there is another example of its use in the Hebrew text of the Bible: (Isaiah 33:23) “Then is the prey of great spoil (עד שלל) divided”. He (Jacob) says this (“in the morning eateth his prey”) with reference to Saul who rose as Israel’s champion in the period when Israel began to flourish and shine (i.e. in the morning of his history; indeed some editions have “בקרן”, at the morning-dawn of Israel, instead of פריחתן) (Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 14).