Comentários de Citação sobre Isaías 5:16

And evidence for all this is from the midrash of our Sages, brought in Yalkut Parshat Shoftim (907), which states: Judges and officers shall you appoint for yourself — This is comparable to a king who had many sons and loved the youngest more than all of them. The king had an orchard that he cherished more than all his possessions, and he gave the orchard that he loved to his youngest son whom he loved. Similarly, the Holy One, blessed be He, said: “Of all the nations, I love Israel, as it is said When Israel was a youth I loved him, and from Egypt I called My son (Hosea 11:1).” And it is written For the Lord loves justice (Psalms 37:28). He gave the laws to Israel. The Holy One, blessed be He, said: “If you observe the law, I am exalted, as it is stated And the Lord of hosts shall be exalted through justice (Isaiah 5:16).”
One must analyze this midrash carefully, for it states, “This is comparable to a king who had many sons,” thus it refers to the nations as “sons” too. This is not explicitly stated in any verse. On the contrary, the verse states, from Egypt I called My son, which implies that only Israel is called “sons.” Also, from the statement “he loved the youngest more than all of them,” it implies that He loves the nations too, just not as much as Israel. This has no proof from Scripture; on the contrary, the verse states Yet I loved Jacob, but Esau I hated (Malachi 1:2-3). Furthermore, why did [the midrash] bring the verse When Israel was a youth I loved him as proof? Why not bring the verse I have loved you, says the Lord (ibid. 1:2) as proof?

And I say that this entire midrash is built on the foundation of humility, to instill it in all who sit in judgment, because it is for this reason that it says before them and not before idolaters, for anyone who is arrogant does not judge deliberately and does not allow the judgment to ferment, to settle on its lees. And this is the meaning of the parable of a king who had many sons, and the analogy is not about the nations and Israel, but rather about all of Israel who are called the children of the living God. And of all of them, He loves the youngest — meaning, among all the sons, that is, among all of Israel, He loves more than all the others the “small one” who diminishes himself, who is humble and lowly — he is chosen to occupy the seat of God in the assembly of judges.
Therefore, he brings proof from the verse For Israel is a youth and I love him (Hosea 11:1), meaning when he makes himself small like a youth and is unlearned, then the Holy One, blessed be He, loves him more than all the children of Israel. For the more humility is found in those below, the more the greatness of God, blessed be He, will be revealed and seen, because the humble restore the crown to its former place, to the Holy One, blessed be He, who is called the Ancient of Days (Daniel 7:9). For through this they acknowledge that He alone is clothed in majesty, and it befits Him and no other.
Therefore, he brings as proof the verse And the Lord of Hosts shall be exalted in judgment (Isaiah 5:16) and says if you preserve judgment — which is related to the term “lees of wine” — meaning that your heart should ferment by judging deliberately, as it is written Keep judgment (Isaiah 56:1). It is also an expression of “lees,” for any liquid that stands still on its lees, the sediment sinks down and the liquid remains clear. Any vinegar has certainly stood for a long time on its lees, and because of this became vinegar. Regarding this it says Keep judgment for all judgment needs to be fermented and delayed until the lees — that is, the waste and confused opinions mixed in human intellect — sink down. And when they go down, his intellect will remain clear, pure, and clean without mixture, and then he will not come to error.
Therefore it says keep judgment but charity should not be delayed; rather, if some poor person asks something of you, fulfill his request immediately. Therefore it says and do righteousness (Isaiah 56:1). All this will be explained further in the portion of Shoftim, with God’s help, on the verse Justice, justice shall you pursue (Deuteronomy 16:20), because the language of “pursuit” applies to charity and not to judgments.
And this is the meaning of “if you keep judgment, I am exalted,” because one who judges deliberately certainly possesses the trait of humility, as he is not embarrassed to ask about his uncertainties or to examine a case for a long time until he brings forth a truthful judgment. And through the humility of those below, the Holy One, blessed be He, is exalted, as it is written And the man shall be humbled, and the person shall be lowered, and the eyes of the lofty shall be humbled. But the Lord of hosts shall be exalted in judgment (Isaiah 5:15-16).

V. 15. אז: sodann, nun aber, wie אז אמרה (Kap. 4, 26). Edoms Führer heißen אלופים, Tausendmänner, wie (Bereschit 36). Edom war ein Militärstaat, seine Fürsten waren Generäle. Von ihnen heißt es: נבהלו (verwandt mit בעל), sie wurden bestürzt, von Schreck bewältigt durch Anblick einer höhern Macht, gegen welche ihr Schwert nicht ausreichte. Moabs Große heißen: אילים, Kraftvolle, Reiche, Moabs Widder. Moab war ein auf den Reichtum seines Bodens machtstolzer, von Kriegsunruhen unbelästigter Staat. (Vergl. Jesaias 15-16 u. Jeremias 48). Seine Reichen und Großen fangen an für ihren Reichtum und ihre Ruhe zu zittern. Die eigentlich mit Vernichtung bedrohten Bewohner Kanaans sind schon ganz aufgelöst. מיי ,מקק ,מכך ,מגג, alles gradativ verschiedene Ausdrücke des Zergehens, Zerfließens.