Comentários de Citação sobre Isaías 59:21

A kabbalistic approach: The words: “and this is the blessing,” are a reference to the תרומה, the gift, the Torah, and the covenant, all of which have been introduced with the word זאת on different occasions. (compare Exodus 25,3; Deuteronomy 33,1; Isaiah 59,21). This is why Moses commenced his blessings at the point where our patriarch Yaakov had left off. I already elaborated on this in connection with Genesis 49,28.

HILLEL SAYS. “I have seen a holy one speaking” (Daniel 8:13), R. Menachem Azariah in his book Asarah Ma’amarot, section Chakor Din, 2:19, saying that this Hillel was the grandson of Rabbi Yehudah HaNassi, who went to bathe with his brother in Kabul, as mentioned in Pesachim 51a. Through these mishnayot, Rabbi Yehudah HaNassi fulfilled the verse “They shall not depart from your mouth, the mouths of your children, and the mouths of your children’s children” (Isaiah 59:21). Immediately after this Hillel, Rabbi Yehudah HaNassi placed the words of Hillel the Elder, the patriarch of this lineage, who said an ignoramus cannot be G-d-fearing. Those who study the Mishna are not careful with this and read “he also said” at the beginning of the next mishna—thusfar his words.
If this is a tradition, then we will accept it, but if it is his own conclusion, we note that Rashi explicitly says that this Hillel is Hillel the Elder, and that Rambam, in commenting on “when I will have free time” in our mishna, notes that this teaching resembles the earlier teaching of “Shammai, his colleague” about making one’s Torah fixed. His teaching was placed here in connection with what Rabban Gamliel said about those who work on behalf of the people, and so that the Mishna can then move smoothly to the words of R. Yochanan ben Zakkai, who received the tradition from him.
This problem is what caused the the Asarah Ma’amarot to read “Hillel says” in the text of the next mishna, where he comments that this refers to Hillel the Elder.

“And if” [4:12]. If robbers come upon him, if he has a friend he can defend himself. It is even better if three are together. Another explanation, if one is a scholar and his son is also a scholar and his grandson is also a scholar, then the Torah does not soon cease in this family, as Scripture says, “they shall not be absent from your mouth, nor from the mouth of your children, nor from the mouth of your children’s children – said the Lord – from now on, for all time” [Isaiah 59:21].⁵⁴Rashi, Ecclesiastes, 4:12.

"Elderly people who walk [with] a cane - Poor elderly men walk slowly with their canes, so they see each and every sheaf. And the expression, nemushot, is like [its usage], "shall not depart (yamushu)" (Isaiah 59:21) - since they feel and [then] they go.

And if an individual attacks. If thieves came to attack him, if they are two, they will stand up to them, and certainly, if they are three, “and the threefold cord is not quickly severed.” Another explanation: Whoever is a Torah scholar, as well as his son and his grandson, the Torah will never cease from his seed, as [Scripture] states, “[My words] will not depart from your mouth nor from the mouth of your offspring nor from the mouth of your offspring’s offspring.”¹⁷Yeshayahu 59:21. Another explanation: [And] “the threefold cord,” [i.e., one well versed] in Scripture, Mishnah, and [having] good manners, will not quickly sin. It is expounded in the Midrash in other ways, “There is one who is alone with none other beside”¹⁸Above Verse 8. Him, but the sequence of all these verses does not correspond with their interpretations.