אִם־זָרְחָ֥ה הַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ עָלָ֖יו דָּמִ֣ים ל֑וֹ שַׁלֵּ֣ם יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם אִם־אֵ֣ין ל֔וֹ וְנִמְכַּ֖ר בִּגְנֵבָתֽוֹ׃
Se o sol já tiver nascido sobre ele, há culpa de sangue; ele deverá fazer restituição. Se ele não tiver recursos, será vendido por causa do seu furto.
Jerusalem Talmud Kiddushin
MISHNAH: A Hebrew slave150The rules are based on Ex. 21:2–6, Lev. 25:39–43, Deut. 15:12–18. The Lev. source clearly refers to the person who sells himself as indentured servant because he cannot fend for himself. Ex. 22:2 provides for judicial sale of the thief who cannot pay the required double restitution.
Separate rules for the Hebrew slave acquired by a Gentile are given in Lev. 25:47–54. In that case, the slave regains his freedom automatically only in the Jubilee year but the family can force his redemption by repaying the portion of his buying price not amortized by the time passed (Lev. 25:50). is acquired by money or a document; he regains his autonomy by years151The maximum time of a contract of an indentured servant was 6 years; Ex. 21:2, Deut. 15:12., or the Jubilee152Lev. 25:40. Since the Jubilee brings back everybody to his ancestral land, everybody is presumed to be able to feed himself. The dependence of the rules of the Hebrew slave on the Jubilee implies that Hebrew slavery disappeared with the Jubilee; it never existed during the Second Commonwealth and is not to be re-instituted in the times of the Messiah (Ševi‘it 10:3, Notes 83–88; Giṭṭin 4:3, Note 65). The discussion about the rules of Hebrew male slavery are a purely theoretical reconstruction of the past whose interest is not in statements but in the rules of inference., or reduction of the amount153If the slave or his family buy his freedom, the master is required to accept payment proportional to the time not yet served.. The Hebrew slave girl154While the rules for the Hebrew slave girl are not tied to the Jubilee, the verses Deut. 15:12,17 equate the rules for male and female slaves. Therefore, all the detailed rules developed in this Halakhah are purely theoretical interpretations of the biblical text; they never were operational within the rabbinic framework. in addition regains her autonomy by indicators of puberty155While a father can forcibly marry off his daughter until she has reached adulthood (12 years six months and one day) he cannot sell her into slavery beyond adolescence (12 years and a day if she shows signs of puberty). He cannot sell her to work for longer than he had the right to sell.. The pierced slave is acquired by piercing156The slave who does not want to regain his freedom after six years, whose earlobe is pierced (Ex. 21:6, Deut. 15:17).; he regains his autonomy in the Jubilee or by the master’s death157Ex. 21:5, Deut. 15:16 make it clear that the relationship of the “pierced” slave to his master is a personal one, not transferable to his heirs..
Separate rules for the Hebrew slave acquired by a Gentile are given in Lev. 25:47–54. In that case, the slave regains his freedom automatically only in the Jubilee year but the family can force his redemption by repaying the portion of his buying price not amortized by the time passed (Lev. 25:50). is acquired by money or a document; he regains his autonomy by years151The maximum time of a contract of an indentured servant was 6 years; Ex. 21:2, Deut. 15:12., or the Jubilee152Lev. 25:40. Since the Jubilee brings back everybody to his ancestral land, everybody is presumed to be able to feed himself. The dependence of the rules of the Hebrew slave on the Jubilee implies that Hebrew slavery disappeared with the Jubilee; it never existed during the Second Commonwealth and is not to be re-instituted in the times of the Messiah (Ševi‘it 10:3, Notes 83–88; Giṭṭin 4:3, Note 65). The discussion about the rules of Hebrew male slavery are a purely theoretical reconstruction of the past whose interest is not in statements but in the rules of inference., or reduction of the amount153If the slave or his family buy his freedom, the master is required to accept payment proportional to the time not yet served.. The Hebrew slave girl154While the rules for the Hebrew slave girl are not tied to the Jubilee, the verses Deut. 15:12,17 equate the rules for male and female slaves. Therefore, all the detailed rules developed in this Halakhah are purely theoretical interpretations of the biblical text; they never were operational within the rabbinic framework. in addition regains her autonomy by indicators of puberty155While a father can forcibly marry off his daughter until she has reached adulthood (12 years six months and one day) he cannot sell her into slavery beyond adolescence (12 years and a day if she shows signs of puberty). He cannot sell her to work for longer than he had the right to sell.. The pierced slave is acquired by piercing156The slave who does not want to regain his freedom after six years, whose earlobe is pierced (Ex. 21:6, Deut. 15:17).; he regains his autonomy in the Jubilee or by the master’s death157Ex. 21:5, Deut. 15:16 make it clear that the relationship of the “pierced” slave to his master is a personal one, not transferable to his heirs..
Jerusalem Talmud Ketubot
“And they spread out the cloth.88Deut. 22:17. It was proven that this sentence cannot mean what it says.” That is all simile. Rebbi Ismael stated: That is one of three verses in the Torah which have been written as simile89Sifry Deut. 237; in Finkelstein’s opinion not of the original Sifry text. A slightly enlarged version is in Sanhedrin 8:8, 26c 1. 6.. “If he gets up and walks outside on his support, the one who hit him is not prosecuted.90Ex. 21:19, speaking of a person who deliberatly injures another. Mekhilta dR. Ismael Mišpaṭim 6; Mekhilta dR. Simeon ben Ioḥai p. 174.” Could anybody think that one walks in the market and the other is executed because of him? But what is “on his support”, in his health91If the injured person regains his health but then has a relapse and dies, the person who injured him cannot be prosecuted for murder.. “If the sun shone on him, he has blood.92Ex. 22:2, speaking of a thief digging a tunnel under a house, who can be killed with impunity if found out since in the tunnel “he has no blood”.” Does the sun shine only on him? But just as the sun is particular that it brings peace to the entire world, so also this one, if one knows that [the other] is at peace with him and he kills him, he is guilty93In the opinion of the Babli, Sanhedrin 72a/b, this can only be asserted of a father coming to steal from his son. In the opinion of the Yerushalmi (Note 89) it cannot be asserted of anybody. Cf. Mekhilta dR. Ismael Mišpaṭim 13; differently in Mekhilta dR. Simeon ben Ioḥai p. 192..
Makkot
It is taught four things regarding false witnesses [that are exceptions to the rule] We don't [revoke the priestly status in the case of] a son of a divorcee or a son of a Levirite marriage, and we don't exile to a city of refuge, and we don't [make them] pay atonement and we don't make them slaves. They said in the name of R' Akiva, they do not pay under self-confession.