Deuteronômio 3:5 Referências do Talmudee: Jerusalem Talmud Megillah & Megillah

“Places walled from the days of Joshua bin Nun read on the Fifteenth.” Rebbi Simon in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi: They honored the Land of Israel which was desolate in those days and attached it to the days of Joshua bin Nun. Then should not everybody read on the Fifteenth? Rebbi Abbahu analyzed “dwelling, dwelling”. Since “dwelling” mentioned there refers to the days of Joshua bin Nun, so also “dwelling” mentioned here refers to the days of Joshua bin Nun³²The basis for this argument and the next one is Esth. 9:19: Therefore the dispersed Jews who dwell in open towns celebrate the Fourteenth of the Month of Adar. While this does not prove that the inhabitants of walled cities read on the Fifteenth, it makes clear that those in open towns do not read on the Fifteenth. The only question is whether the town has to be open at the time of reading or had to be open at the time of the conquest. Now “dwelling” is mentioned in the verse, and it is mentioned as a duty to dwell in the Land after the conquest in Deut. 12:10.. Then should not everybody read on the Fourteenth? Rebbi Jehudah bar Pazy analyzed “open, openness.” It is said here “openness” and it said there³³Deut. 3:5. except for very many open towns. Since “open” mentioned there refers to the days of Joshua bin Nun, so also “openness” mentioned here refers to the days of Joshua bin Nun³⁴This argument to exclude dwellers in towns that are not open from reading on the 14^th is quoted in the Babli 2b.. It was stated³⁵Tosephta 1:1.: “Rebbi Joshua ben Qorḥa says, from the days of Ahasuerus. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Jehudah said to him, what has the reference to Susa the Fortress to do here? If you are inferring from Susa the Fortress then one should read in Susa the Fortress, but not read at any other place³⁶Not even in the city of Susa which in the Scroll is clearly distinguished from the government complex, the Fortress..” It seems that there are three Tannaim. The first Tanna intends to say, from the days of Joshua bin Nun. Another Tanna intends to say, from the days of Ahasuerus. Another Tanna intends to say, “town” in any case³⁷In any town not walled at the time of reading one reads on the 14^th.. It turns out that you may say that Rebbi Joshua ben Qorha and Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Jehudah say the same³⁸It is not proven that R. Yose ben R. Jehudah disagrees with R. Joshua ben Qorha in practice since he does not proffer an alternative., only that each one of them infers from a separate argument; and it was stated so³⁵Tosephta 1:1.: “what is close to a walled place and what is seen with it has the same standing as it³⁹As Amoraic statement Babli 2b. These places read on the 15^th..” Rebbi Ayvo bar Naggari in the name of Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba: For example like Ḥamata. Since he only said “like”, therefore Ḥamata itself was walled in the days of Joshua bin Nun. From the following⁴⁰Jos. 19:35, in the description of the territory of Naftali. Cf. Babli Makkot 10a.: Fortified towns, Haṣsiddim, Ṣer, and Ḥamat, Raqqat, and Kinneret. Haṣsiddim is Wheat village⁴¹Possibly Hattim on the plain above Tiberias., Ṣer is next to it, Ḥamat Ḥamata⁴²In the Babli 6a this is identified as the hot springs of Tiberias (which, however, has no archeological remains of the time of Joshua.), Raqqat Tiberias⁴³Tell Raqqat is slightly to the North of Herodian Tiberias., Kinneret, Genezareth. Rebbi Levi objected, is it not written⁴⁴Jos. 12:3, as Northern border of the kingdom of Siḥon, given to the tribe of Gad., the prairie to the Kinneret lake? Were there two Genesareths⁴⁵Since the Jordan plain of Gad ended at the Southern end of the Sea of Galilee whereas Genezareth is close to its Northern end.? Or were there only two autonomous districts⁴⁶Greek ʼαυτονομία., like Bet Yeraḥ and Zinbarai, which are towers on Lake Kinneret, where the fortification was abandoned and taken over by Gentiles. Come and see, there one does not read, outside one reads⁴⁷Since this is unreasonable, one may only read in the suburbs on the 15^th if there is organized communal reading in the city on the 15^th.?

What then is the reason of our Tanna? He draws an analogy between the two occurrences of the word perazi [villagers]. It is written here, “Therefore the Jews of the villages [haperazim],” and it is written in another place, “Beside the unwalled [haperazi] towns, a great many (Deuteronomy 3:5); just as there the reference is to towns which were [not] walled in the days of Joshua son of Nun, so here the reference is to towns which were [not] walled in the days of Joshua son of Nun.

And they raised a contradiction with the following: R. Ishmael son of R. Yose said: Were these all? Has it not already been said, “Sixty cities, all the region of Argob”, And it is written, “All these were fortified cities with high walls” (Deuteronomy 3:4-5)? Why then did the Sages list these? Because when the exiles returned, they found these [still walled] and sanctified them.