Talmud sobre Jó 38:44

If the cock crowed, one says: Praise to Him Who is wise in secrets; (Job38:36) “Who put wisdom in kidneys?⁸²The full verse is: Who put wisdom into kidneys, who gave insight to the śekhwi?” The insight of the śekhwi is compared to the hidden knowledge of the kidneys, only accessible to God. The verse lends itself better to the Babylonian version (60b): “Praise to Him Who gave insight to the śekhwi to distinguish between day and night.” The text of the Galilean benediction is a disapproved version of a benediction to be recited if one sees a great scholar, Babli Berakhot 58b. The following explanation of words, parallel to one given in Babli Rosh Hashanah 26a, refers to the determination of the meaning of the word śekhwi (that is not quoted, only understood, at this moment.)”. Rebbi Levi said, in Arabia one calls sheep yovel⁸³The same identification is given by R. Aqiba in Babli Rosh Hashanah26a; it must refer to the Hebrew usage of Jewish tribes in Arabia, not to Arabic. [There is an Arabic word וַבַלַ “giving lots of milk”.]; (Jos. 6:5) “it will be when the ram’s horn is blown.” In Africa⁸⁴In the Babli, the place referred to is Gallia (or Galatia). The etymology of the word has connections with Arabic גַלמַד, גֻלמוּד “rock.”, the menstruating woman is called galmudah, (Is. 49:21) “I am childless and barren.” In Rome⁸⁵In the Babli, on the authority of R. Simeon ben Laqish, the place is Greek-speaking Kenisrin, near Aleppo., one calls a chicken śekhwi(Job 38:36) “who gave understanding to the śekhwi?”

It is written⁷⁵Ez. 47:8.: He said to me, these waters flow out to the Eastern district, this is Lake Samchonitis⁷⁶Lake Huleh., and descends to the lowlands, this is Lake Tiberias, and comes to the sea, this is the Salt Sea⁷⁷The Dead Sea., the sea of outgoing water, this is the Great Sea⁷⁸The Mediterranean.. And why is it called the sea of outgoing water? For the two times it came out, [once in the generation of Enosh, and once in the generation of the Dispersal.]⁷⁹Corrector’s addition from B; its statement understood by all texts.. Rebbi Eleazar in the name of Rebbi Ḥanina: The first time it went out up to Calabria, the second time it went to the Capes of Barbary⁸⁰He holds that the Eastern Mediterranean was part of the original creation; it was connected to the Okeanos through the Straights of Gibraltar by later catastrophes. Cf. Gen. rabba23(11).. Rebbi Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Ḥanina: The first time it went out to the Capes of Barbary, the second time it came to Acco and Jaffa⁸¹He holds that the Mediterranean was not part of the original creation; it was formed by waters of the Okeanos through the Straights of Gibraltar by later catastrophes.. Up to here you shall come but no more⁸²Job38:11.; up to Acco you shall come but not add. And there you stop the might of your waves⁸²Job38:11., at Jaffa⁸³Reading וּפֹא as יפו. Yalqut Šim`ony#924. you stop the might of your waves. One understands the Great Sea and the Salt Sea, to make them sweet. Lake Tiberias and Lake Samchonitis⁸⁴Since it is written that the river flowing out from the Temple brings healing to the water, what healing can it bring to sweet water lakes?? To increase their fish; their fish shall be in kinds⁸⁵Ez. 47:10.; in great number shall be the kinds of their fish. It was stated: Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel said, it happened that I went to Sidon and they brought before me more than 300 kinds of fish on one tray.

Rebbi commanded three things on his death-bed: My widow should not move from my house; do not eulogize me in small towns; and he who served me during my lifetime should also serve me in death. “My widow should not move from my house,” is that not a Mishnah? “The widow who said, I cannot possibly move from my husband’s house …” Rebbi Dositheos said, that they should not say, this is the house of the patriarchate and must serve the patriarchate. Rebbi Eleazar bar Yose said, as we have stated: “She lives in the houses just as she lived while her husband was overseas, she uses silver and gold vessels just as she used to while her husband was overseas, she is fed just as she was fed while her husband was overseas.” “Do not eulogize me in small towns” because of the quarrels. “He who served me during my lifetime should also serve me in death;” Rebbi Ḥananiah from Sepphoris said, for example Yose Ephrati and Joseph from Haifa. Rebbi Ḥizqiah added, do not use many shrouds on me and let my coffin have holes at the bottom. These words say that Rebbi was buried in a single shroud since Rebbi said, not as a man left, he will come. But the rabbis say, just as a man left, he will come. It was stated in the name of Rebbi Nathan: The garment that went with a person to the grave will come back with him. What is the reason? (Job 38:14) “The seal turns itself around like clay, they appear in dress.” Antoninus asked Rebbi, what is the meaning of what is written: “The seal turns itself around like clay?” He said to him, He Who brings the generation clothes it.

Rebbi commanded three things on his death-bed⁷⁰In addition to the two Yerushalmi sources mentioned in the previous Note, there is a Babylonian source Ketubot 103. Since the Mishnah mentions shrouds, there follows a lengthy insertion about burials.: My widow should not move from my house; do not eulogize me in small towns; and he who served me during my lifetime should serve me in my death. “My widow should not move from my house,” is that not a Mishnah? “The widow who said, I cannot possibly move from my husband’s house …⁷¹Mishnah Ketubot 12:3: “If a widow said, I cannot possibly move from my husband’s house, the heirs may not say, go to your father’s house and we shall support you there, but they support her and give her an apartment corresponding to her standard of living.” The Mishnah does not require that the widow keep the identical apartment she occupied during her marriage, only an equivalent one. In the tradition of the Babli, Rebbi’s widow was not the mother of his children, his heirs.” Rebbi Dositheos⁶⁹In the parallel in Ketubot 12:3 (fol. 35a), ר׳ דוסא. In the parallel Gen.rabba 100(3), ר׳ דוסתאי, Dositheos. The text in Gen.rabba seems to be the original text from which the one here is an abbreviation. said, that they should not say, this is the house of the patriarchate and must serve the patriarchate⁷²In the opinion of Gen.rabba, the argument would have been valid if the house of the patriarch had been built with public money. But since Rebbi built his house with his own money, his successor could not occupy this house.. Rebbi Eleazar bar Yose said, as we have stated⁷³The Babylonian version is in Babli Ketubot 103a and, in shortened form, in Tosephta Ketubot 11:5: The woman whose husband died lives in the houses she lived in during her husband’s lifetime, uses slaves and handmaidens, silver and gold vessels she used during her husband’s lifetime, for so he writes to her (in the marriage document): You shall live in my house and be supported by my property as long as you are a widow in my house.: “She lives in the houses just as she lived while her husband was overseas, she uses silver and golden vessels just as she used to while her husband was overseas, she is fed just as she was fed while her husband was overseas.” “Do not eulogize me in small towns” because of the quarrels⁷⁴That there should not be competition among places which were not really able to provide decent eulogizers. The Babli (loc.cit. 103b) explains that in small villages the crowds are too small to give the honor due.. “He who served me during my lifetime should serve me in my death;” Rebbi Ḥananiah from Sepphoris said, for example Yose Ephrati and Joseph from Haifa. Rebbi Ḥizqiah added, do not use many shrouds on me and let my coffin have holes at the bottom⁷⁵(Cf.Šulḥan ‘ārûkh Yôrē Dē‘ā¶362.) In Gen. rabba, the explanation is that the body should decompose rapidly. It is talmudic doctrine that the soul suffers during decomposition of the body and, except for those sinners whose place is in hell, the suffering stops when only the bones are left (Babli Berakhot 18b).. These words say that Rebbi was buried in a single shroud since Rebbi said, not as a man left, he will come⁷⁶At Resurrection.. But the rabbis say, just as a man left, he will come. It was stated in the name of Rebbi Nathan⁷⁷The quote in Yalquṭ Sim‘oni Job 924 reads: R. Jonathan.: The garment that went with a person to the grave will come back with him. What is the reason? (Job 38:14) “The seal⁷⁸The “seal” of a person are the characteristics differentiating him from all others: voice, looks, and thinking [Sanhedrin Yerushalmi 3:13 (fol. 22b), Babli 38a]. turns itself around like clay, they appear in dress.” Antoninus⁷⁹A Roman emperor of the Severan dynasty who reputedly was a crypto-Jew. Since all emperors of that dynasty adopted the name of Antoninus together with that of Augustus, speculations about the identity of this Antoninus are rather futile. asked Rebbi, what is the meaning of “The seal turns itself around like clay?” He said to him, He Who brings the generation clothes it⁸⁰God will not only create the flesh as described in Ezechiel’s vision of the dry bones but the clothing with it, as He did for Adam. An echo of this discussion is in Babli Sanhedrin 90b, bottom..

“And on Tabernacles they are judged about water.” ²⁵³The next sentences are from Sukkah 4:1, Notes 10–12. The Mishnah is Rebbi Aqiba’s²⁵⁴It can be asserted that Heaven determines the water supply only if there is a biblical connection between Tabernacles and water., since Rebbi Aqiba said the pouring of water is a word of the Torah: On the second day and their libations. On the sixth say, and its libations. On the seventh day, and its rules. מ י מ “water”. The Torah said, bring first-fruit barley on Passover that your grain be blessed; bring first-fruit wheat on Pentecost that your tree fruits be blessed²⁵⁵This seems to follow R. Jehudah who asserts (Babli Sanhedrin70b) that the Tree of Knowledge Good and Bad was wheat (Rashi to Babli 16a.). Therefore say, water libation on Tabernacles that your water be blessed. Rebbi Simeon ben Yoḥai stated: If Israel were acceptable on New Year’s Day and ample rain was decided for them, but in the end they sinned. To reduce it is impossible [since the decision had been rendered.]²⁵⁶Corrector’s addition, unsupported by G (but its meaning understood.) What does the Holy One, praise to Him, do? He disperses it into oceans, deserts, and rivers, so that the earth have no benefit from it. What is the reason? To let rain on manless earth, desert no human in it²⁵⁷Job38:26.. If Israel were not acceptable on New Year’s Day and scarce rain was decided for them, but in the end they repented. To augment it is impossible [since the decision had been rendered.]²⁵⁶Corrector’s addition, unsupported by G (but its meaning understood.) What does the Holy One, praise to Him, do? He brings it down appropriately for the land and blows dew and winds so that the earth benefit from it. What is the reason? Its furrows make fertile, bring down its bundles, make it fat by soft rains, bless its growth²⁵⁸Ps. 65:11.. Aridity, also heat, will steal the snow waters; they sinned to the pit²⁵⁹Job24:19. Introduction to the next sentence.. The sins which they committed during the summer robbed them of the snow waters. It is written²⁶⁰Deut. 11:12.: Always the eyes of the Eternal, your God, are on it, from the start of the year. Cahana said, it is written “from poverty.²⁶¹Babli 16b. Sparse rains at the start of the rainy period lead people to repentance.” He lets it suffer at the beginning and gives it a good future at the end.

“Also, one does not recite the benediction over a lamp unless one has profited from its light.¹⁵⁰Quote from the Mishnah.” Rebbi Zeïra, the son of Rebbi Abbahu, preached: (Gen. 1:4) “God saw the light that it was good” and after that, “God separated between the light and the darkness.¹⁵³In imitatio Dei, one should not make Havdalah until he saw the light and that it is useful. The same paragraph is found in Bereshit rabba3(7) in slightly more explicit language.”. Rebbi Berekhiah said: The following was preached by the two greats of the world, Rebbi Yoḥanan and Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish: “God separated,” a true separation. Rebbi Yehudah, the son of Rebbi Simon, said: He separated it for Himself¹⁵⁴That this is the light of the Shekhinah.. But the rabbis say, He separated it for the just in the future world. They gave a parable, to what can this situation be compared? To a king who had two generals¹⁵⁵Greek (sing.) στρατηγός.; both of them said: “I want to command during the day.” He called the first one and told him: day shall be your domain. He called the second one and told him: night shall be your domain. That is what is written: (Gen. 1:5) “God called the light ‘day’, etc.” To the light he said: day shall be your domain; but to the darkness he said: night shall be your domain. Rebbi Yoḥanan said, that it is which the Holy One, praise to Him, said to Job: (Job 38:12) “Did you ever command the morning, did you inform the morning of its place?” Do you know the place where the light of the Six Days of Creation was hidden? Rebbi Tanḥuma said: I shall give its reason. (Is. 45:7) “He Who fashioned the light and created darkness, He makes peace.” When it left¹⁵⁶In Bereshit rabba: “From the moment that they were created, He is making peace.”, it made peace between them.

The following are written as one word and read as two words: fortune is come;⁷⁶Gen. 30, 11, written baggad and read ba’gad. a fiery law;⁷⁷Deut. 33, 2, written ’eshdath and read ’esh dath. consumed of the fire;⁷⁸Jer. 6, 29, written me’eshtam and read me’esh tam. what mean ye;⁷⁹Isa. 3, 15, written mallakem and read mah lakem. and, behold, he;⁸⁰Jer. 18, 3, written wehinnehu and read wehinneh hu’. what they;⁸¹Ezek. 8, 6, written mahem and read mah hem. Bani, of;⁸²1 Chron. 9, 4, written Binyamin and read Bani min. of the Benjamites;⁸³ibid. XXVII, 12, written lebenyemini and read labben yemini. the helpless;⁸⁴Ps. 10, 10, written ḥelka’im and read ḥel ka’im. may He incite death;⁸⁵ibid. LV, 16, written yashshimaweth and read yashshi maweth. of the proud oppressors;⁸⁶ibid. CXXIII, 4, written lig’eyonim and read lig’ë yonim. out of the whirlwind;⁸⁷Job 38, 1, written minhasse‘arah and read min hasse‘arah. out of a whirlwind;⁸⁸ibid. XL, 6, written minse‘arah and read min se‘arah. were broken down.⁸⁹Neh. 2, 13, written hammeperuẓim and read hem peruẓim.
The reverse of the above are the following:⁹⁰Which are written as two words and read as one. when … were merry;⁹¹Judg. 16, 25, written ki ṭob and read ḳetob. of Benjamin;⁹²1 Sam. 9, 1, written mibben yamin and read mibbinyamin. that … may be increased;⁹³Isa. 9, 6, written lamed-mem resh-beth-he and read lemarbeh. out of the cave;⁹⁴1 Sam. 24. 8, written min hamme‘arah and read mehamme‘arah. by Myself;⁹⁵Isa. 44, 24, written mi’itti and read me’itti. with their axes;⁹⁶2 Chron. 34, 6, written beḥar bothehem and read beḥarbothehem. from the daughter;⁹⁷Lam. 1, 6, written min bath and read mibbath. like the ostriches.⁹⁸ibid. IV, 3, written kaye ‘enim and read kayye‘enim.

“And to proclaim the greatness of the King over kings of kings, the Holy One, praise to Him,” etc. ¹⁰⁶There is no predestination, genetic or otherwise. To proclaim the greatness of the King over kings of kings Who from one die coins all seals and no one is like the other, as it is said: The seal turns around like clay¹⁰⁷Job 38:15; cf. Kilaim 9:4 Note 78.. Why did He change their looks¹⁰⁸Greek πρόσωπος.? That no man should jump and go to another’s wife or another’s field. It was stated in the name of Rebbi Meïr: Three things did the Holy One, praise to Him, diversify in humans: looks of the face, understanding, and voice. Looks and understanding because of the robbers, voice because of forbidden women. Rebbi Isaac said, even a fig tree or a wheat plant is not identical to any other. Man was created Sabbath Eve so from the start he should enter with a commandment¹⁰⁹To celebrate the Sabbath.. Another explanation: Why was he created last? A parable of a king who made a banquet. After he had ordered the meal, he invited the guests. ¹¹⁰Prov. 9:1,2,4.So wisdom built her house, that is the Holy One, praise to Him, Who created the world in wisdom, as it is said, the Eternal in wisdom based the earth¹¹¹Prov. 3:19., etc. She quarried its seven pillars, these are the seven days of creation. She slaughtered her slaughtering, mixed her wine, these are seas and rivers and all the needs of the world. Any silly one shall come here, that is Adam and Eve.

Whosoever rescues garments from the dead⁶⁰Cf. Sanh. 48a, b (Sonc. ed., pp. 321f). If parents piled on the bier garments belonging to their child as an expression of grief and as a sign that they renounced everything that belonged to him. Saving the garments constituted an act of returning lost property; but when the articles touched the bier they were regarded as designated for the dead. robs the dead. There are times when a man may rescue them and times when he may not. [48b] If the garments have not touched the bier he may rescue them, but if they have touched the bier he may not. We, however, instruct people not to seize them.⁶¹V inserts ‘but did not [the Sages] say’ which GRA deletes. And whoever piles up garments on the dead commits a transgression because of the law which forbids wilful destruction,⁶²The Rabbis derived a law against the wanton destruction of articles from Deut. 20, 19; cf. Shab. 129a (Sonc. ed., p. 644, n. 1). according to the view of R. Meir. R. Eliezer b. Ẓadoḳ said: It disgraces him. Rabban Gamaliel said: He causes maggots to breed upon [the dead]. R. Nathan said: The garment which goes down with him to the grave will come back with him in the time to come,⁶³In the Resurrection; cf. j.Keth. XII, 3, 35a, Sanh. 90b (Sonc. ed., p. 607). as it is stated, It is changed as clay under the seal; and they stand as a garment.⁶⁴Job 38, 14; לְבו·שׁ, a garment, is homiletically read as לָבו·שׁ, ‘as he is dressed’.

If one starts out on a journey alone before cock-crow his blood is upon his head.¹He courts danger. Cf. Yoma 21a (Sonc. ed., pp. 90f.). Pes. 2a (Sonc. ed., pp. 1f.) states, ‘A man should always enter a town by day and set out by day’. R. Josiah said: [He should wait] until [the cock] crowed at least twice.²Or, until he has heard at least two crow. What kind of cock? The average type,³That crows neither too early nor too late. as it is stated, Who hath put wisdom in the inward parts? or who hath given understanding to the coc?⁴Job 38, 36. E.V. the mind.