לֹֽא־תִקֹּ֤ם וְלֹֽא־תִטֹּר֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ וְאָֽהַבְתָּ֥ לְרֵעֲךָ֖ כָּמ֑וֹךָ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃
Não te vingarás, nem guardarás rancor contra os filhos do teu povo; mas amarás o teu próximo como a ti mesmo; Eu sou Hashem.
Jerusalem Talmud Terumot
Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa, Rebbi Ḥiyya, in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: One disagrees with this Mishnah teacher17He holds that incompetents may separate heave under the direction of a competent person.. How is that? It turns out that Rebbi Joḥanan concerning heaves parallels Rebbi Ismael, the son of Rebbi Joḥanan ben Beroqa concerning sanctification, and Rebbi Joḥanan concerning divorces parallels the rabbis concerning sanctification, as we have stated18Tosephta Parah 5:7 reads: “Everybody is able to sanctify except the deaf-mute, the insane, and the minor; but R. Jehudah approves of the minor. R. Ismael, the son of R. Joḥanan ben Beroqa says that the sanctifications of a deaf-mute person, an insane, and a minor, who sanctified in the presence of others, are valid. The sanctification by a sexless person is invalid, for he is possibly uncircumcised, and an uncircumcized person cannot sanctify. The sanctification by a hermaphrodite is valid but R. Jehudah declares it invalid since he possibly is a woman and a woman does not qualify for holy matters.”
All this refers to the purification from the impurity of the dead, which needs sprinkling with fresh water to which a minute amount of the ashes of the red heifer must be added. The act of taking the ashes and putting them into a vessel filled with fresh water is called “sanctification.” It is a sacral act (Num. 19:17) and as such needs the intent of the person executing it. R. Ismael, the son of R. Joḥanan ben Beroqa, applies the principle that for obligations for which “thought” is implied by the verse but not spelled out explicitly, actions may prove intent.
{A sexless person is one without testicles or female sex characteristics. He might be a male with undescended testicles. The hermaphrodite has a penis and testicles as well as female breasts and a vagina; he must be circumcised. The exclusion of women by R. Jehudah is rejected by the rabbis; women nevertheless may not sprinkle since the verse (Lev. 19:18) requires this to be done by “a pure male.”}
The seeming inconsistency in the positions of R. Joḥanan is not resolved. {If one assumes that R. Joḥanan agrees with the position of Samuel (Note 14) there is no inconsistency since he will agree that the incompetent may write only the inconsequential parts of the divorce document.}: “The sanctifications of a deaf-mute person, an insane, and a minor who sanctified are no sanctifications. Rebbi Ismael, the son of Rebbi Joḥanan ben Beroqa says, if they are alone, their sanctifications are no sanctifications. Together with others, their sanctifications are sanctifications.”
All this refers to the purification from the impurity of the dead, which needs sprinkling with fresh water to which a minute amount of the ashes of the red heifer must be added. The act of taking the ashes and putting them into a vessel filled with fresh water is called “sanctification.” It is a sacral act (Num. 19:17) and as such needs the intent of the person executing it. R. Ismael, the son of R. Joḥanan ben Beroqa, applies the principle that for obligations for which “thought” is implied by the verse but not spelled out explicitly, actions may prove intent.
{A sexless person is one without testicles or female sex characteristics. He might be a male with undescended testicles. The hermaphrodite has a penis and testicles as well as female breasts and a vagina; he must be circumcised. The exclusion of women by R. Jehudah is rejected by the rabbis; women nevertheless may not sprinkle since the verse (Lev. 19:18) requires this to be done by “a pure male.”}
The seeming inconsistency in the positions of R. Joḥanan is not resolved. {If one assumes that R. Joḥanan agrees with the position of Samuel (Note 14) there is no inconsistency since he will agree that the incompetent may write only the inconsequential parts of the divorce document.}: “The sanctifications of a deaf-mute person, an insane, and a minor who sanctified are no sanctifications. Rebbi Ismael, the son of Rebbi Joḥanan ben Beroqa says, if they are alone, their sanctifications are no sanctifications. Together with others, their sanctifications are sanctifications.”
Jerusalem Talmud Nedarim
MISHNAH: In addition, Rebbi Meïr said, one opens for him with what is written in the Torah. One says to him58A person who vowed that another could not have any benefit from him., if you had realized that you sin against “you shall not take revenge59Lev. 19:18.”, “you shall not nurse hatred59Lev. 19:18.”, “you shall not hate your brother in your heart60Lev. 19:17., “you shall love your neighbor as yourself59Lev. 19:18.”, “let your brother live with you61Lev. 25:36.”, maybe he would become poor and you cannot provide for him! If he said, if I had realized this, I would not have vowed, he is permitted.
Jerusalem Talmud Nedarim
“You shall love your neighbor as yourself59Lev. 19:18.”. Rebbi Aqiba says, that is a great principle in the Torah. Ben Azzai says, “this is the book of the descent of man66Gen. 5:1, which negates the role of race in the creation of man.” is a more important principle67Sifra Qedos̄im Pereq 4(12). A fuller version is in Gen. rabba 24(8): Ben Azzai says, “this is the book of the descent of man” is a great principle in the Torah. Rebbi Aqiba says, “you shall love your neighbor as yourself” is a great principle in the Torah. That you should not say, since I was insulted, another should be insulted with me; since I was cursed, another should be cursed with me. Rebbi Tanḥuma {last generation of Galilean Amoraim} said, if you did this, know Whom you are insulting: “In God’s image He made him.”.