Talmud sobre Neemias 8:17

If it is so, they should have been freed once they were exiled⁵This sentence, taken out of context, is the basis of the first part of Spinoza’s Politico-Theological Treatise.. It is written (Neh. 8:17): “All the congregation coming from captivity made Sukkot and sat in tabernacles … something nobody had done since the days of Joshua bin Nun.⁶The wording has not been corrected following the masoretic text.” Why Joshua? Rebbi Hillel, the son of Samuel ben Naḥmani⁷Son of R. Samuel ben Naḥmani; no halakhic statements of his are recorded.: The verse damaged the reputation of the just person in his grave for the reputation of the just person in his time; it compares their coming in the days of Ezra to the coming in the days of Joshua. As at the coming in the days of Joshua they had been free and became obligated, also at the coming in the days of Ezra they had been free and became obligated. How did they become obligated? Rebbi Yose ben Ḥanina said, they became obligated by the words of the Torah; that is what is written (Deut. 30:5): “The Eternal, your God, will bring you to the Land that your fathers had inherited and you will inherit it.” Just as the inheritance of your fathers was by the words of the Torah, so your inheritance is by the words of the Torah. “He will be good to you and give increase to you more than to your forefathers⁸In this homily, “increase” is interpreted as increase in obligations, not increase in benefits..” Your fathers had been free and became obligated, also you had been free and became obligated. On your fathers was no yoke of government⁹מלכות in both Talmudim means “Gentile government.”, but you even though there is on you the yoke of government. Your fathers did become obligated only after 14 years, seven they conquered and seven they distributed¹⁰The universally accepted computation that from the crossing of the Jordan to the assembly at Shilo there passed 14 years is given in Seder Olam, Chap. 11 (in the author’s edition, Northvale NJ 1998, pp. 116–119.), but you became obligated immediately when you entered. Your fathers did become obligated only after they had acquired all, you become obligated for every single piece at the moment you acquire it.

If it is so, they should have been freed once they were redeemed. It is written (Neh. 8:17): “All the congregation coming from captivity … since the days of Joshua bin Nun.” Why Joshua? Rebbi Hillel, the son of Samuel ben Naḥmani: The verse damaged the reputation of the just person in his grave for the reputation of the just person in his time; it compares their coming in the days of Ezra to the coming in the days of Joshua. As at the coming in the days of Joshua they had been free and became obligated, also at the coming in the days of Ezra they had been free and became obligated. How did they become obligated? Rebbi Yose ben Ḥanina said, they became obligated by the words of the Torah; that is what is written (Deut. 30:5): “The Eternal, your God, will bring you to the Land that your fathers inherited and you will inherit it.” Just as the inheritance of your fathers was by the words of the Torah, so your inheritance is by the words of the Torah. “He will be good to you and give increase to you more than to your forefathers.” Your fathers had been free and became obligated, also you had been free and became obligated. On your fathers there was no yoke of government, but you [are obligated] even though there is on you the yoke of government. Your fathers did become obligated only after fourteen years, seven they conquered and seven they distributed, but you became obligated [immediately when you entered. Your fathers did become obligated only after they had acquired all, but you become obligated]⁶⁴²The Genizah text shows that this argument from Ševi‘it belongs to the text here also. The text here is an abbreviation of the original from Ševi‘it. for every single piece at the moment you acquire it.