נֶ֚פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תֶחֱטָ֔א וּמָעֲלָ֥ה מַ֖עַל בַּיהוָ֑ה וְכִחֵ֨שׁ בַּעֲמִית֜וֹ בְּפִקָּד֗וֹן אֽוֹ־בִתְשׂ֤וּמֶת יָד֙ א֣וֹ בְגָזֵ֔ל א֖וֹ עָשַׁ֥ק אֶת־עֲמִיתֽוֹ׃
Se uma pessoa pecar e cometer uma transgressão contra o Eterno, negando ao próximo algo dado em depósito, ou algo deixado sob sua responsabilidade, ou roubando, ou oprimindo o seu próximo,
Tosefta Shevuot
Channanya ben Chakhinai said, "And denies against his neighbor (Leviticus 5:21): A person does not deny his neighbor until he denies an Essential Principle." Once Rabbi Reuven was in Tiberius on Shabbat. He was found [there] by a philosopher. He said to him, "Who is the most hated one in the world?" He said to him, "One who denies the One who created him. Who is that one? [The one that God] said to him, Honor your father and your mother[...] Do not commit murder. Do not commit adultery. Do not steal. Do not testify[...] Do not covet (Exodus 20:12-14). A person does not deny his neighbor until he denies a Major Principle, and a person does not go to a matter of sin unless he has denied the One who commanded him about it." The voice of an alah (Leviticus 5:1): Rabbi Yehudah says, "An alah is a curse. The voice [is an] oath." Rabbi Shimon says, "An alah is an oath. These are [oaths] with appellations [of God]: I am the One who binds you, I am the One who shackles you, by the Righteous, by the Pure, by the Just. [If one makes an oath with these,] he is liable." And he were a witness (Leviticus 5:1): And he were a witness, and not a witness who [only] heard from a witness, and not from a heavenly voice, and not from an echo. And he were a witness, Scripture is speaking about [a case of] two witnesses; or is it only one witness? Hence we learn to say, One witness may not arise against a man (Deuteronomy 19:15). Hence we should not learn to say one [witness]. Rather, every place where Scripture took the expression, witness, by itself, behold it includes two unless Scripture specifies one to you.