Комментарий к Кохелет 7:14
בְּי֤וֹם טוֹבָה֙ הֱיֵ֣ה בְט֔וֹב וּבְי֥וֹם רָעָ֖ה רְאֵ֑ה גַּ֣ם אֶת־זֶ֤ה לְעֻמַּת־זֶה֙ עָשָׂ֣ה הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים עַל־דִּבְרַ֗ת שֶׁלֹּ֨א יִמְצָ֧א הָֽאָדָ֛ם אַחֲרָ֖יו מְאֽוּמָה׃
В день процветания будь радостен, а в день бедствий считай; Бог сотворил даже одного и другого до конца, чтобы человек ничего не нашел после него.
Rashi on Ecclesiastes
On a day of goodness [prosperity], be in good spirits. On a day in which you have the ability to do good,35Alternatively, on a day of good fortune be happy and enjoy it. (Metsudas Dovid) be among those who do good.
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Kohelet Rabbah
“On a day of good fortune, enjoy, and on a day of misfortune, see: God made this as well as that; consequently, man cannot find out anything about it” (Ecclesiastes 7:14).
“On a day of good fortune, enjoy” – if a good day befalls you, act upon it immediately.110Thank God with a thanksgiving offering or a thanksgiving banquet. “And on a day of misfortune, see” – see how to repent and be spared from the punishment of Gehenna. Rabbi Yudan [said] in the name of Rabbi Elazar: Three matters nullify evil decrees: Prayer, charity [tzedaka], and repentance, and the three of them are in one verse; that is what is written: “If My people upon whom My name is called humble themselves, and pray, and seek My presence, and repent their evil ways, then I will hear from the heavens, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land” (II Chronicles 7:14). “And pray,” this is prayer; “seek My presence,” this is charity, as it is said: “I with righteousness [betzedek]111The word tzedek, which means righteousness or justice, is from the same root as the word tzedaka, charity. will behold Your presence” (Psalms 17:15); “and repent their evil ways,” this is repentance; “then I will hear from the heavens.” Rabbi Mana said: Fast, as well, as it is written: The Lord will answer you on a day of affliction” (Psalms 20:2).
“On a day of good fortune, enjoy” – if a good day befalls you, act upon it immediately.110Thank God with a thanksgiving offering or a thanksgiving banquet. “And on a day of misfortune, see” – see how to repent and be spared from the punishment of Gehenna. Rabbi Yudan [said] in the name of Rabbi Elazar: Three matters nullify evil decrees: Prayer, charity [tzedaka], and repentance, and the three of them are in one verse; that is what is written: “If My people upon whom My name is called humble themselves, and pray, and seek My presence, and repent their evil ways, then I will hear from the heavens, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land” (II Chronicles 7:14). “And pray,” this is prayer; “seek My presence,” this is charity, as it is said: “I with righteousness [betzedek]111The word tzedek, which means righteousness or justice, is from the same root as the word tzedaka, charity. will behold Your presence” (Psalms 17:15); “and repent their evil ways,” this is repentance; “then I will hear from the heavens.” Rabbi Mana said: Fast, as well, as it is written: The Lord will answer you on a day of affliction” (Psalms 20:2).
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Rashi on Ecclesiastes
And on a day of adversity reflect. When evil comes upon the wicked, be among the observers,36Adversity is caused by being sinful. Therefore, examine your deeds and remove any sins by repenting (Sforno). Alternatively, on a day of adversity, reflect and be hopeful for a day of goodness to come. (Likutei Yehudah) as it is stated, “And they will go out and see the corpses of the people, etc.,”37Yeshayahu 66:24. and you will not be among those who are seen, “and they will be a sight for all mankind.”38Ibid.
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