Комментарий к Кохелет 5:14
כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר יָצָא֙ מִבֶּ֣טֶן אִמּ֔וֹ עָר֛וֹם יָשׁ֥וּב לָלֶ֖כֶת כְּשֶׁבָּ֑א וּמְא֙וּמָה֙ לֹא־יִשָּׂ֣א בַעֲמָל֔וֹ שֶׁיֹּלֵ֖ךְ בְּיָדֽוֹ׃
Как он вышел из своей матери'В чреве, нагим, он вернется, как пришел, и не возьмет ничего за свой труд, который он может унести в руке.
Rashi on Ecclesiastes
He will take nothing for his labor. When he dies, he will not take with him any merit of charity that he did with his money during his lifetime.
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Kohelet Rabbah
“As he emerged from his mother's womb, so he will return naked, to go as he came, and he will take nothing for his toil that he can carry in his hand” (Ecclesiastes 5:14).
“As he emerged from his mother's womb” – Geniva said: [It is analogous] to a fox that found a vineyard that was fenced on all sides. There was one opening, and it sought to enter through it but was unable to do so. What did it do? It fasted three days until it was thin and weak, and it entered through the opening, ate, and grew fat. It sought to exit, but it could not pass at all. It again fasted, three other days, until it was thin and weak and it returned to be as it had been, and it exited. When it exited, it turned its face and looked at [the vineyard]. It said: ‘Vineyard, vineyard, what good are you, and what good are the fruits that are in you? Everything that is in you is good and excellent; however, what benefit is there from you? Just as one enters into you, so he emerges.’ This world is the same.
Another matter: “As he emerged from his mother's womb, so he will return naked, to go as he came” – it is taught: As a person comes, so he will go. A person comes with noise, and takes his leave of the world with noise; he comes to the world with weeping, and takes his leave of this world with weeping; he comes to the world with affection, and takes his leave of the world with affection; he comes to the world with a sigh, and takes his leave of the world with a sigh; he comes to the world without knowledge, and takes his leave of the world without knowledge.
It is taught in the name of Rabbi Meir: When a person comes to the world, his fists are clenched, as though to say: The entire world is mine, I will inherit it. When he takes his leave of the world his hands are open, as though to say: I did not inherit anything in this world, as Solomon said: “As he emerged from his mother's womb, so he will return naked, to go as he came, and [he will take] nothing [for his toil that he can carry in his hand].”
“As he emerged from his mother's womb” – Geniva said: [It is analogous] to a fox that found a vineyard that was fenced on all sides. There was one opening, and it sought to enter through it but was unable to do so. What did it do? It fasted three days until it was thin and weak, and it entered through the opening, ate, and grew fat. It sought to exit, but it could not pass at all. It again fasted, three other days, until it was thin and weak and it returned to be as it had been, and it exited. When it exited, it turned its face and looked at [the vineyard]. It said: ‘Vineyard, vineyard, what good are you, and what good are the fruits that are in you? Everything that is in you is good and excellent; however, what benefit is there from you? Just as one enters into you, so he emerges.’ This world is the same.
Another matter: “As he emerged from his mother's womb, so he will return naked, to go as he came” – it is taught: As a person comes, so he will go. A person comes with noise, and takes his leave of the world with noise; he comes to the world with weeping, and takes his leave of this world with weeping; he comes to the world with affection, and takes his leave of the world with affection; he comes to the world with a sigh, and takes his leave of the world with a sigh; he comes to the world without knowledge, and takes his leave of the world without knowledge.
It is taught in the name of Rabbi Meir: When a person comes to the world, his fists are clenched, as though to say: The entire world is mine, I will inherit it. When he takes his leave of the world his hands are open, as though to say: I did not inherit anything in this world, as Solomon said: “As he emerged from his mother's womb, so he will return naked, to go as he came, and [he will take] nothing [for his toil that he can carry in his hand].”
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