Комментарий к Йона 4:11

who do not know etc.—I.e, children.

And should I not care about Nineveh: who are the work of My hands, which is precious, because it is the great city even though many practice idolatry there. Does it not have more than 120,000 people who do not know their right from their left, who do not know how to distinguish between worshiping the God Who supports them from the right...and worshiping the [false gods represented by the] left...?
No, they should not be punished for their lack of understanding, and neither should the beasts, because even if the people sinned, what sin did the beasts do?
And thus Jonah received an answer on the punishment in store for Israel, because they had already been taught the difference between the right and the left [i.e. monotheism vs. idolatry]. They had already received the true Divine religion, and they deserved punishment for their idolatry, even as the people of Nineveh would [punish or be punished] for this.

and many beasts as well—Adult, who have the intelligence of beasts, who do not recognize who created them.